The relationship between emotional eating and general health among professional basketball players

Main Article Content

Emin Süel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7783-8029

Keywords

Basketball, Emotional Eating, General Health

Abstract

Study Objectives: This study aimed to examine the relationship between professional basketball players’ general health and emotional eating. Methods: 154 (59 female and 95 male) basketball players who played in different categories in the Turkish Basketball League participated in the study voluntarily. Personal information form, general health scale (GH) and emotional eating scale (EEQ) were used as data collection tools in the study. Independent samples t-test and pearson correlation analysis test were used in data analysis. Results: According to the results of the study, a significant difference was found between the groups in terms of gender variable and nationality status. It was determined that female athletes had more emotional eating levels than male athletes and national athletes than non-national athletes. According to the scores obtained from the general health scale, there was no significant difference in terms of gender and nationality status variables. When the relationship between emotional eating, its sub-dimensions and general health was examined, it was determined that there was a weak positive relationship between Disinhibition (r=.159; p=<0.05), the type of food (r=.170; p=<0.05), and general health. Moreover, there was a weak positive correlation between Guilt (r=.205; p <0.05) and emotional eating (r=.198; p=<0.05) and general health. Conclusion: It can be thought that emotional eating negatively affects the physical, psychological and mental health of the general health and this situation will create a negative situation in terms of gaming performance for the elite basketball players.

Abstract 461 | PDF Downloads 207

References

1.Martin K, Woo J, Timmins V, et al. Binge eating and emotional eating behaviors among adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord. 2016; 195, 88-95. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.030
2.Arslan E, Aras D, Can S. Sporcu ve sedanter kadinlarda günlük enerji harcamasi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin karsilastirilmasi. SPORMETRE. 2016; 14(1), 53-61.
3.Sundgot-Borgen J, Meyer NL, Lohman TG, et al. How to minimise the health risks to athletes who compete in weight-sensitive sports review and position statement on behalf of the Ad Hoc Research Working Group on Body Composition, Health and Performance, under the auspices of the IOC Medical Commission. Br. J. Sports Med. 2013, 47, 1012–1022.
4.Sundgot-Borgen J, Garthe I. Elite athletes in aesthetic and Olympic weight-class sports and the challenge of body weight and body compositions. J. Sport Sci. 2011, 29 (Suppl. 1), S101–S114.
5.Can S, Gündüz N, Arslan E, Biernat E, Ersöz G, Kilit B. Multi-instrument assessment of physical activity in female office workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2016; 29(6), 937-945. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00710
6.Soylu Y, Atik F, Öçalan M. Ergenlerin Sosyal Görünüş Kaygısı Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi (Kırıkkale İli Örneği). Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi 2017, 38-45.
7. Kula H, Ayhan C, Kaçay Z, Soyer A, Soyer F. Perceived health outcomes of recreation and exercise addiction: A study on individuals exercising for recreational purposes. Journal of Human Sciences. 2020; 17(3), 831-839.
8. Canetti L, Bachar E, Berry EM. Food and emotion. Behav Processes. 2002; 60(2), 157-164. doi:10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00082-7
9.Yıldırım İ, Yıldırım Y, Ersöz Y, et al. Egzersiz bağımlılığı, yeme tutum ve davranışları ilişkisi. CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, (2017; 12(1), 43-54.
10.O'Neil A, Quirk SE, Housden S, et al. Relationship between diet and mental health in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(10):e31-e42. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302110
11.Kohlboeck G, Sausenthaler S, Standl M, et al. Food intake, diet quality and behavioral problems in children: results from the GINI-plus/LISA-plus studies. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;60(4):247-256. doi:10.1159/000337552
12.Vanderlinden J, Dalle Grave R, Fernandez F, Vandereycken W, Pieters G, Noorduin C. Which factors do provoke binge eating? An exploratory study in eating disorder patients. Eat Weight Disord. 2004; 9(4), 300-305. doi:10.1007/BF03325086
13.Greeno CG, Wing RR, Shiffman S. Binge antecedents in obese women with and without binge eating disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000; 68(1), 95-102.
14.Lafay L, Thomas F, Mennen L, et al. Gender differences in the relation between food cravings and mood in an adult community: Results from the fleurbaix laventie ville santé study. Int J Eat Disord. 2001;29(2):195-204. doi:10.1002/1098-108x(200103)29:2<195::aid-eat1009>3.0.co;2-n
15.Macht M, Simons G. Emotional eating." Emotion regulation and well-being. 2011 Springer, New York, NY, 281-295.
16.Levinson D, Christensen K. Encyclopedia of world sport: From Ancient Times to Present; Oxford University Press: New York, NY, USA, 1999, ISBN 0195131959.
17.Drinkwater EJ, Pyne DB, McKenna MJ. Design and interpretation of anthropometric and fitness testing of basketball players. Sports Med. 2008; 38(7), 565-578. doi:10.2165/00007256-200838070-00004
18.Rinaldo N, Toselli S, Gualdi-Russo E, Zedda N, Zaccagni L. Effects of Anthropometric Growth and Basketball Experience on Physical Performance in Pre-Adolescent Male Players. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(7), 2196. doi:10.3390/ijerph17072196
19.Guimarães E, Baxter-Jones A, Maia J, et al. The Roles of Growth, Maturation, Physical Fitness, and Technical Skills on Selection for a Portuguese Under-14 Years Basketball Team. Sports (Basel). 2019; 7(3), 61. doi:10.3390/sports7030061
20.Thomas DT, Erdman KA, Burke LM. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance [published correction appears in J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 Jan;117(1):146]. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2016; 116(3), 501-528. doi:10.1016/j.jand.2015.12.006
21. Süel E, Sahin I, Karakaya, MA, et al. Elit seviyedeki basketbolcuların beslenme bilgi ve alışkanlıkları. Fırat Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Tıp Dergisi, 2006; 20(4), 271-275.
22. Süel E, Sahin, I, Korkmaz C, et al. Comparison of nutritional knowledge and habits of basketball players in young men’s basketball group matches in Turkey and young sedentaries in the same age group. Journal of Human Sciences, 2009; 6(2), 239-251.
23.Colak A, Sahin I, Soylu Y, et al. Weight loss methods and effects on the different combat sports athletes. Prog Nutr. 2020; 22, 1-S (May 2020), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.23751/pn.v22i1-S.9803
24.Sundgot-Borgen J, Torstveit MK. Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. Clin J Sport Med. 2004; 14(1), 25-32. doi:10.1097/00042752-200401000-00005
25.Devonport TJ., Nicholls W, Chen-Wilson C. Emotional Eating: Implications for Research and Practice in Elite Sports Contexts. Ruiz MC, Robazza C (Eds.). (2020). Feelings in Sport: Theory, Research, and Practical Implications for Performance and Well-being 2020, New York; Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003052012
26.Elfhag K, Rössner S. Who succeeds in maintaining weight loss? A conceptual review of factors associated with weight loss maintenance and weight regain. Obes Rev. 2005; 6(1), 67-85. doi:10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00170.x
27.Greeno CG, Wing RR. Stress-induced eating. Psychol Bull. 1994; 115: 444-64.
28.Oliver G, Wardle J. Perceived effects of stress on food choice. Physiol Behav. 1999; 66: 511-55.
29.Patel KA, Schlundt DG. Impact of moods and social context on eating behavior. Appetite. 2001;36(2):111-118. doi:10.1006/appe.2000.0385
30.Aljadani HM, Patterson A, Sibbritt D, Hutchesson MJ, Jensen ME, Collins CE. Diet quality, measured by fruit and vegetable intake, predicts weight change in young women. J Obes. 2013; 2013, 525161. doi:10.1155/2013/525161
31.Goldberg DP, Hillier VF. A scaled version of the General Health Questionnaire. Psychol Med. 1979; 9(1), 139-145. doi:10.1017/s0033291700021644
32.Kılıc C. Genel saglık anketi: Güvenilirlik ve gecerlilik calismasi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 1996, 7:3-10.
33.Garaulet M, Canteras M, Morales E, López-Guimera G, Sánchez-Carracedo D, Corbalán-Tutau MD. Validation of a questionnaire on emotional eating for use in cases of obesity: the Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ). Nutr Hosp. 2012; 27(2), 645-651. doi:10.1590/S0212-16112012000200043
34.Arslantas H, Dereboy F, Yüksek R, et al. Duygusal yeme ölcegi’nin Türkce cevirisinin gecerlik ve güvenirlik calismasi. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2020; 31(2), 122-30. https://doı.org/ 10.5080/u23520
35.Holway FE, Spriet LL. Sport-specific nutrition: practical strategies for team sports. J Sports Sci. 2011; 29(1), S115-S125. doi:10.1080/02640414.2011.605459
36.Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. IOC consensus conference and statement. J. Sports Sci. 2011; 29, 1-4.
37.Gibbs JC, Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Prevalence of individual and combined components of the female athlete triad. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013; 45(5); 985-996. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827e1bdc
38.van Strien T, Winkens L, Toft MB, et al. The mediation effect of emotional eating between depression and body mass index in the two European countries Denmark and Spain. Appetite. 2016; 105, 500-508. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2016.06.025
39.Michou M, Costarelli V. Disordered eating attitudes in relation to anxiety levels, self-esteem and body image in female basketball players. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2011; 9(2), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1728-869X(12)60006-9
40.Ryan J. Little girls in pretty boxes: The making and breaking of elite gymnasts and figure skaters. New York: Doubleday, 1995.
41. Johnson C, Powers PS, Dick R. Athletes and eating disorders: the National Collegiate Athletic Association study. Int J Eat Disord. 1999; 26(2), 179-188. doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(199909)26:2<179::aid-eat7>3.0.co;2-z 3
42. De Bruin AP, Oudejans RRD. Athletes’ body talk: the role of contextual body image in eating disorders as seen through the eyes of elite women athletes. J. Clin. Sport Psychol. 2018; 12, 675–698. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.2018-0047
43. Cosh S, Crabb S, Kettler L, et al. The normalisation of body regulation and monitoring practices in elite sport: a discursive analysis of news delivery sequences during skinfold testing. Q. Res. Sport Exerc. Health. 2014; 7, 338–360. doi: 10.1080/2159676x.2014.94983
44. Martinsen M, Sundgot-Borgen J. Higher prevalence of eating disorders among adolescent elite athletes than controls. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013; 45(6), 1188-1197. doi:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318281a939
45. Tayne S, Hrubes M, Hutchinsonet MR. al. "Female Athlete Triad and RED-S." The sports medicine physician. Springer, Cham, 2019. 395-411.
46. Goleman D. (Emotional intelligence. New York, NY England: Bantam Books, Inc. 1995.
47.Lane AM, Devonport TJ, Stanley D, et al. The effects of brief online self-help intervention strategies on emotions and satisfaction with running performance. Sensoria: A Journal of Mind, Brain & Culture 2016; 12(2).
48.Singh M. Mood, food, and obesity. Front Psychol. 2014; 5, 925. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00925
49.Konttinen H, Männistö S, Sarlio-Lähteenkorva S, Silventoinen K, Haukkala A. Emotional eating, depressive symptoms and self-reported food consumption. A population-based study. Appetite. 2010; 54(3), 473-479. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2010.01.014
50. Markowitz S, Friedman MA, Arent SM. Understanding the relation between obesity and depression: causal mechanisms and implications for treatment. Clin Psychol Sci Pract. 2008; 15(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2008.00106.x
51.Costarelli V, Stamou D. Emotional intelligence, body image and disordered eating attitudes in combat sports athlete. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2009; 7(2), 104–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1728-869X(09)60013-7