Effect of garlic oil on lamb fattening performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters
Main Article Content
Keywords
Blood parameters, feed intake, garlic oil, lamb fattening performance, rumen fermentation
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of garlic essential oil (GEO) on performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters of Kivircik lambs. Forty-eight 2.5-3 month old Kivircik male lambs were allocated into four treatment groups. Diets were supplemented with GEO at the 0.0, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg DM. The growth trial lasted for 63 days. The supplementation of GEO significantly decreased the total weight gain (TWG) and average daily weight gain (ADWG), whereas it has no effect on the final body weight (FBW) daily feed intake (DFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The supplementation of GEO to the lamb diets had also a significant impact on rumen fermentation and blood parameters. The addition of GEO to the lamb diets increased non-esterified fatty acid production while supplementation significantly reduced the levels of glucose, urea, protein, triglyceride, insulin and cholesterol. It can be said that the decrease of glucose, urea, triglyceride, insulin and cholesterol is important in terms of animal health when the blood parameters are taken into consideration. As conclusion, GEO supplementation up to 0.8 g/kg DM can be recommended for growing lambs to manipulate rumen and blood parameters without compromising important growth parameters.
References
1. Jouany JP, Morgavi DP. Use of natural products as alternatives to antibiotic feed additives in ruminant production. Animal 2007; 1: 1443-1466.
2. Syadati SA, Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A, Fathi H, Davuodi J. Importance essential fatty acids (n-6 and n-3) in animal nutrition: I: Ruminant. Ann Biol Res 2012; 3: 1161-1176.
3. Guoliang L, Xudong M, Lisha D, Xixi Z, Yuejiao W, Zhongyang G. Jing, J. Jiru X, Chaofeng S. Fresh garlic extract enhances the antimicrobial activities of antibiotics on resistant strains in vitro. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 2015; 8, e14814. 1-6.
4. Russell JB, Houlihan AJ. Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health. Microbiol Rev 2003; 27: 65-74.
5. FAO. Second join FAO expert workshop on non-human antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance: management options. Oslo, Norway, 2004; 15-18.
6. Briskin D.P. Medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Linking plant biochemistry and physiology to human health. Plant Physiol 2000; 124: 507-514.
7. Kamruzzaman M, Torita A, Sako Y, Al-Mamun M, Sano H. Effects of feeding garlic stem and leaf silage on rates of plasma leucine turnover, whole body protein synthesis and degradation in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2011; 99: 37-43.
8. Kamra DN, Agarwal N, Sakthivel PC, Chaudhary LC. Garlic as a rumen modifier for eco-friendly and economic livestock production, J Appl Anim Res 2012; 40: 90-96.
9. Yang C, Chowdhury MA, Huo Y, Gong J. Phytogenic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics: potentials and challenges in application. Pathogens 2015; 4:137-156.
10. Lawson LD. The composition and chemistry of garlic cloves and processed garlic, 1996; p. 37-108. In Koch, H.P., and Lawson, L.D. (ed.), Garlic: the science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. 2nd ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Md.
11. Martins N, Petropoulos S, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions: a review. Food Chem 2016; 211: 41-50.
12. Ankri S, Mirelman D. Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes Infect 1999; 1:125-129.
13. Sivam GP. Protection against Helicobacter pylori and other bacterial infections by garlic. J. Nutr 2001; 131: 1106-1108.
14. Prasad G, Laxdal VA, Yu M, Raney BL. Antioxidant activity of allicin, an active principle in garlic. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 148: 183-189.
15. Lawrence R, Lawrence K. Antioxidant activity of garlic essential oil (Allium Sativum) grown in north Indian plains. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2001; 1:51-54.
16. Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C, Remesy C, Jimenez L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45: 287-306.
17. Lanzotti V, Scala F, Bonanomi G. (2014). Compounds from Allium species with cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Phytochem Rev 2014; 13:769-791.
18. Agarwal KC. Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents. Med Res Rev 1996; 16: 111-124.
19. Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A, Syadati SA, Fathi H, Rasouli S, Sadaghian M, Tarahomi M. Garlic in ruminant feeding. Asian J Bio Sci 2012; 5: 328-340.
20. Sahli F, Darej C, Moujahed N. Potential of white garlic powder (Allium sativum L.) to modify in vitro ruminal fermentation. S Afr J Anim Sci 2018; 48:253-260.
21. Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, Castillejos L, Ferret A. Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci2007; 90: 2580-2595.
22. Patra AK, Yu Z. Effects of adaptation of in vitro rumen culture to garlic oil, nitrate, and saponin and their combinations on methanogenesis, fermentation, and abundances and diversity of microbial populations. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1434.
23. Roy D, Tomar SK, Sirohi SK, Kumar V, Kumar M. Efficacy of different essential oils in modulating rumen fermentation in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor. Vet World 2014; 7: 213-218.
24. Busquet M, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Carro MD, Kamel C. Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds on rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88: 4393-4404.
25. Mbiriri D.T, Cho S, Mamvura CI, Choi NJ. Assessment of rumen microbial adaptation to garlic oil, carvacrol and thymol using the consecutive batch culture system, J Vet Sci Anim Husb 2016; 4:1-7.
26. Mbiriri DT, Cho S, Mamvura CI, Choi NJ. Effects of a blend of garlic oil, nitrate and fumarate on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial population, J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2017; 101: 713-722.
27. Bampidis VA, Christodoulou V, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P, Spais AB. Effect of dietary garlic bulb and garlic husk supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005; 121: 273-283.
28. Chaves A, Stanford VK, Dugan MER, Gibson LL,. McAllister TA, van Herk F, Benchaar C. Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic and juniper berry essential oils on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Livest Sci 2008; 117: 215-224.
29. Anassori E, Dalir-Naghaden B, Pirmohammadi R, Taghizedeh, S. Asri-Rezaei A, Maham M, Farahmand-Azar S, Farhoomand P. Garlic: A potential alternative for monensin as a rumen modifier. Livest Sci 2011; 142:276-287.
30. Klevenhusen F, Zeitz JO, Duval S, Kreuzer M, Soliva CR. Garlic oil and its principal component diallyl disulfide fail to mitigate methane, but improve digestibility in sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011; 166-167:356-363.
31. Zhu Z, Mao S, Zhu W. Effects of ruminal infusion of garlic oil on fermentation dynamics, fatty acid profile and abundance of bacteria involved in biohydrogenation in rumen of goats. Asian Aust J Anim Sci 2012; 25: 962-970.
32. Blanch M, Carro MD, Ranilla MJ, Viso A, Vázquez-Anon M, Bach A. Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behaviour and performance of lactating dairy cow. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016; 219:313-323.
33. NRC. Nutrient requirements of sheep. National Academy Press. Washington, DC 1985.
34. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International, 2000.
35. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74: 3583-3597.
36. Weinberg ZG, Szakacs G, Ashell G, Hen Y. The effect of temperature on the ensiling process of corn and wheat. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 90:561-566.
37. Wiedmeier RD, Arambel MJ, Walters JL. Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility, J Dairy Sci 1987; 70: 2063-2068.
38. Barker SB, Summerson WH. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material, J Biol Chem 1941;138: 535-554.
39. Anassori E, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Pirmohammadi, R, Hadian M. Changes in blood profile in sheep receiving raw garlic, garlic oil or monensin. J Anim Physiol Anim. Nutr 2015; 99: 114-122.
40. Patra AK, Yu Z. Effect of essential oil on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78: 4271-4280.
41. Van Soest PJ. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. New York, NY: Comstock, Cornell Univ. Press, 1982.
42. Eisemann JH, Huntington GB, Ferrell CL. Effects of dietary clenbuterol on metabolism of the hindquarters in steers. J Anim Sci 1988; 66: 342-353.
43. Huntington GB. Energy metabolism in the digestive tract and liver of cattle: influence of physiological state and nutrition. Reprod Nutr Dev 1990; 30: 35-47.
44. Tedeschi LO, Fox DG, Tylutki TP. Potential environmental benefits of ionophores in ruminant diets. J Environ Qual 2003; 32: 1591-1602.
45. Pirmohammadi R, Anassori E, Zakeri Z, Tahmouzi M. Effects of garlic supplementation on energy status of pre-partum Mahabadi goats. Vet Res Forum 2014; 5:207-212.
46. Johnson IT, Gee JM, Price K, Curl C, Fenwick GR. Influence of saponins on gut permeability and active nutrient transport in vitro. J Nutr 1986; 116: 2270-2277.
47. Alamuoye OF, Aye PA. Effect of garlic powder (Allium sativum) supplement on blood chemistry of West African dwarf rams. Sch J Agric Vet Sci 2016; 3: 288-291.
48. Chung LY. The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: Allyl cysteine, alliin, allicin and allyl disulfide. J Med Food 2006; 9:205-213.
49. Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E. Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Phytomedicine 2006; 13:624-629.
2. Syadati SA, Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A, Fathi H, Davuodi J. Importance essential fatty acids (n-6 and n-3) in animal nutrition: I: Ruminant. Ann Biol Res 2012; 3: 1161-1176.
3. Guoliang L, Xudong M, Lisha D, Xixi Z, Yuejiao W, Zhongyang G. Jing, J. Jiru X, Chaofeng S. Fresh garlic extract enhances the antimicrobial activities of antibiotics on resistant strains in vitro. Jundishapur J. Microbiol. 2015; 8, e14814. 1-6.
4. Russell JB, Houlihan AJ. Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health. Microbiol Rev 2003; 27: 65-74.
5. FAO. Second join FAO expert workshop on non-human antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance: management options. Oslo, Norway, 2004; 15-18.
6. Briskin D.P. Medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Linking plant biochemistry and physiology to human health. Plant Physiol 2000; 124: 507-514.
7. Kamruzzaman M, Torita A, Sako Y, Al-Mamun M, Sano H. Effects of feeding garlic stem and leaf silage on rates of plasma leucine turnover, whole body protein synthesis and degradation in sheep. Small Rumin Res 2011; 99: 37-43.
8. Kamra DN, Agarwal N, Sakthivel PC, Chaudhary LC. Garlic as a rumen modifier for eco-friendly and economic livestock production, J Appl Anim Res 2012; 40: 90-96.
9. Yang C, Chowdhury MA, Huo Y, Gong J. Phytogenic compounds as alternatives to in-feed antibiotics: potentials and challenges in application. Pathogens 2015; 4:137-156.
10. Lawson LD. The composition and chemistry of garlic cloves and processed garlic, 1996; p. 37-108. In Koch, H.P., and Lawson, L.D. (ed.), Garlic: the science and therapeutic application of Allium sativum L. and related species. 2nd ed. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, Md.
11. Martins N, Petropoulos S, Ferreira ICFR. Chemical composition and bioactive compounds of garlic (Allium sativum L.) as affected by pre- and post-harvest conditions: a review. Food Chem 2016; 211: 41-50.
12. Ankri S, Mirelman D. Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic. Microbes Infect 1999; 1:125-129.
13. Sivam GP. Protection against Helicobacter pylori and other bacterial infections by garlic. J. Nutr 2001; 131: 1106-1108.
14. Prasad G, Laxdal VA, Yu M, Raney BL. Antioxidant activity of allicin, an active principle in garlic. Mol Cell Biochem 1995; 148: 183-189.
15. Lawrence R, Lawrence K. Antioxidant activity of garlic essential oil (Allium Sativum) grown in north Indian plains. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2001; 1:51-54.
16. Scalbert A, Manach C, Morand C, Remesy C, Jimenez L. Dietary polyphenols and the prevention of diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45: 287-306.
17. Lanzotti V, Scala F, Bonanomi G. (2014). Compounds from Allium species with cytotoxic and antimicrobial activity. Phytochem Rev 2014; 13:769-791.
18. Agarwal KC. Therapeutic actions of garlic constituents. Med Res Rev 1996; 16: 111-124.
19. Mirzaei-Aghsaghali A, Syadati SA, Fathi H, Rasouli S, Sadaghian M, Tarahomi M. Garlic in ruminant feeding. Asian J Bio Sci 2012; 5: 328-340.
20. Sahli F, Darej C, Moujahed N. Potential of white garlic powder (Allium sativum L.) to modify in vitro ruminal fermentation. S Afr J Anim Sci 2018; 48:253-260.
21. Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, Castillejos L, Ferret A. Essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci2007; 90: 2580-2595.
22. Patra AK, Yu Z. Effects of adaptation of in vitro rumen culture to garlic oil, nitrate, and saponin and their combinations on methanogenesis, fermentation, and abundances and diversity of microbial populations. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1434.
23. Roy D, Tomar SK, Sirohi SK, Kumar V, Kumar M. Efficacy of different essential oils in modulating rumen fermentation in vitro using buffalo rumen liquor. Vet World 2014; 7: 213-218.
24. Busquet M, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Carro MD, Kamel C. Effect of garlic oil and four of its compounds on rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci 2005; 88: 4393-4404.
25. Mbiriri D.T, Cho S, Mamvura CI, Choi NJ. Assessment of rumen microbial adaptation to garlic oil, carvacrol and thymol using the consecutive batch culture system, J Vet Sci Anim Husb 2016; 4:1-7.
26. Mbiriri DT, Cho S, Mamvura CI, Choi NJ. Effects of a blend of garlic oil, nitrate and fumarate on in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial population, J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr 2017; 101: 713-722.
27. Bampidis VA, Christodoulou V, Christaki E, Florou-Paneri P, Spais AB. Effect of dietary garlic bulb and garlic husk supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2005; 121: 273-283.
28. Chaves A, Stanford VK, Dugan MER, Gibson LL,. McAllister TA, van Herk F, Benchaar C. Effects of cinnamaldehyde, garlic and juniper berry essential oils on rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Livest Sci 2008; 117: 215-224.
29. Anassori E, Dalir-Naghaden B, Pirmohammadi R, Taghizedeh, S. Asri-Rezaei A, Maham M, Farahmand-Azar S, Farhoomand P. Garlic: A potential alternative for monensin as a rumen modifier. Livest Sci 2011; 142:276-287.
30. Klevenhusen F, Zeitz JO, Duval S, Kreuzer M, Soliva CR. Garlic oil and its principal component diallyl disulfide fail to mitigate methane, but improve digestibility in sheep. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2011; 166-167:356-363.
31. Zhu Z, Mao S, Zhu W. Effects of ruminal infusion of garlic oil on fermentation dynamics, fatty acid profile and abundance of bacteria involved in biohydrogenation in rumen of goats. Asian Aust J Anim Sci 2012; 25: 962-970.
32. Blanch M, Carro MD, Ranilla MJ, Viso A, Vázquez-Anon M, Bach A. Influence of a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on rumen fermentation, feeding behaviour and performance of lactating dairy cow. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016; 219:313-323.
33. NRC. Nutrient requirements of sheep. National Academy Press. Washington, DC 1985.
34. AOAC Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Gaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International, 2000.
35. Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fibre, neutral detergent fibre and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74: 3583-3597.
36. Weinberg ZG, Szakacs G, Ashell G, Hen Y. The effect of temperature on the ensiling process of corn and wheat. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 90:561-566.
37. Wiedmeier RD, Arambel MJ, Walters JL. Effect of yeast culture and Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract on ruminal characteristics and nutrient digestibility, J Dairy Sci 1987; 70: 2063-2068.
38. Barker SB, Summerson WH. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material, J Biol Chem 1941;138: 535-554.
39. Anassori E, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Pirmohammadi, R, Hadian M. Changes in blood profile in sheep receiving raw garlic, garlic oil or monensin. J Anim Physiol Anim. Nutr 2015; 99: 114-122.
40. Patra AK, Yu Z. Effect of essential oil on methane production and fermentation by, and abundance and diversity of, rumen microbial populations. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78: 4271-4280.
41. Van Soest PJ. Nutritional ecology of the ruminant. New York, NY: Comstock, Cornell Univ. Press, 1982.
42. Eisemann JH, Huntington GB, Ferrell CL. Effects of dietary clenbuterol on metabolism of the hindquarters in steers. J Anim Sci 1988; 66: 342-353.
43. Huntington GB. Energy metabolism in the digestive tract and liver of cattle: influence of physiological state and nutrition. Reprod Nutr Dev 1990; 30: 35-47.
44. Tedeschi LO, Fox DG, Tylutki TP. Potential environmental benefits of ionophores in ruminant diets. J Environ Qual 2003; 32: 1591-1602.
45. Pirmohammadi R, Anassori E, Zakeri Z, Tahmouzi M. Effects of garlic supplementation on energy status of pre-partum Mahabadi goats. Vet Res Forum 2014; 5:207-212.
46. Johnson IT, Gee JM, Price K, Curl C, Fenwick GR. Influence of saponins on gut permeability and active nutrient transport in vitro. J Nutr 1986; 116: 2270-2277.
47. Alamuoye OF, Aye PA. Effect of garlic powder (Allium sativum) supplement on blood chemistry of West African dwarf rams. Sch J Agric Vet Sci 2016; 3: 288-291.
48. Chung LY. The antioxidant properties of garlic compounds: Allyl cysteine, alliin, allicin and allyl disulfide. J Med Food 2006; 9:205-213.
49. Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E. Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, Phytomedicine 2006; 13:624-629.
Article Sidebar
Published
Mar 31, 2021
Article Details
How to Cite
1.
Canbolat O, Kamalak A, Kalkan H, Kara H, Filya I. Effect of garlic oil on lamb fattening performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Dec. 23];23(1):e2021006. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/9019
Issue
Section
Original articles
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers.
Authors retain the copyright for their published work. No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Canbolat O, Kamalak A, Kalkan H, Kara H, Filya I. Effect of garlic oil on lamb fattening performance, rumen fermentation and blood parameters. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 31 [cited 2024 Dec. 23];23(1):e2021006. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/9019
