Alimentazione e prevenzione del tromboembolismo venoso
Keywords:
Nutrizione, dieta tromboembolismo venoso, anticoagulanti orali, genetica, terapia cellulare, Diet, herbs, venous thromboembolism, anticoagulants, genetic testAbstract
Il tromboembolismo venoso è una condizione clinica gravata da elevata mortalità e morbilità. La prevenzione del TEV si basa prevalentemente sulla terapia anticoagulante. La maggiore difficoltà nella gestione della terapia anticoagulante orale dipende dalla variabilità dei livelli di scoagulazione che è influenzata da fattori genetici, fattori ambientali e fattori comportamentali. Le maggiori interferenze si realizzano in seguito all’assunzione di farmaci ma anche in risposta ad abitudini alimentari, diete e assunzione di integratori. Gli integratori a base di erbe possono interferire pesantemente con la efficacia terapeutica del warfarin. Per ovviare a questi problemi sono in fase di sperimentazione e di registrazione nuovi farmaci con un rapporto dose/risposta costante. Anche le strategie innovative come la farmacogenetica e la terapia cellulare promettono di migliorare la prevenzione della TEV.Nutrition and prevention of venous thromboembolism
Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism is a major health problem in everyday clinical practice. The therapeutic anticoagulants available to clinicians for prophylaxis of VTE is mainly composed by parenteral anticoagulants and oral vitamin K antagonists, warfarin. Oral vitamin K antagonists have several limitations, including a narrow therapeutic window and a metabolism that is affected by multiple drug and herbal interactions, vitamin K intake and genetic polymorphisms. The present review explore causes of poor prevention of thromboembolism and evaluated some new anticoagulants. The main target of new anticoagulants is to replace oral vitamin K antagonists for long-term anticoagulation. Moreover the role of genetics and the novel concept of cell therapy is evaluated. The hypothesis is that the patho-physiology of thrombosis may involve a “physiologic” cell that provides the same repair molecules that are used for treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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