Bottarga di muggine come fonte di acidi grassi n-3: stabilità ossidativa e modulazione del profilo lipidico in cellule epiteliali intestinali Caco-2
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Abstract
Da lungo tempo è stata riconosciuta l’importanza, nella nutrizione umana, dell’assunzione degli acidi grassi polinsaturi n-3 (n-3 PUFA), in grado di ridurre l’incidenza di aterosclerosi, malattie coronariche, patologie infiammatorie e cancro. Nonostante gli effetti benefici, gli n-3 PUFA sono soggetti ad una rapida e/o estesa ossidazione durante le fasi di lavorazione e conservazione, inducendo una potenziale alterazione della composizione nutrizionale e della qualità dei prodotti. La bottarga, prodotto ottenuto dalla salagione ed essiccazione delle ovaie di muggine (Mugil cephalus), è considerata un’importante fonte di n-3 PUFA, in quanto possiede elevati livelli degli acidi eicosapentaenoico (EPA) e docosaesaenoico (DHA). In questo lavoro abbiamo studiato la degradazione ossidativa dei componenti lipidici in campioni di bottarga macinata durante 7 mesi a diverse modalità di conservazione (-20°C, 2-3°C, temperatura ambiente con esposizione luce/buio). È stata valutata la vitalità cellulare, la composizione lipidica e il grado di ossidazione in monostrati di cellule epiteliali intestinali Caco-2 dopo incubazione, per 6-48 ore, in presenza di estratti lipidici ed idrofilici ottenuti dai campioni di bottarga sottoposti alle diverse condizioni di conservazione. La conservazione non ha indotto alcuna modifica dei livelli di n-3 PUFA, ma sono state osservate differenze significative nei livelli di idroperossidi e malonildialdeide nei campioni alle diverse modalità di conservazione. Gli estratti della bottarga non hanno indotto alcun effetto tossico sulla vitalità cellulare. Le cellule epiteliali, incubate con l’olio di bottarga, hanno evidenziato dei cambiamenti significativi nella composizione in acidi grassi, con un accumulo di EPA, DHA e 22:5, mentre non hanno mostrato un maggiore accumulo di colesterolo rispetto alle cellule di controllo.
Mullet bottarga as source of n-3 fatty acids: oxidative stability and modulation of lipid profile in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells
The importance of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) intake has long been recognized in human nutrition, lowering the incidence of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, inflammatory disease and cancer. Although health benefits, n-3 PUFA are subject to rapid and/or extensive oxidation during processing and storage, resulting in potential alteration in nutritional composition and quality of food. Bottarga, the salted and semidried mullet (Mugil cephalus) ovary product, is proposed as important source of n-3 PUFA, having high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work we investigated the extent of lipid oxidation of grated bottarga samples during 7 months at different storage conditions (-20°C, 2°C, room temperature under light/dark exposure). Cell viability, lipid composition and lipid peroxidation were measured in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers after 6-48 h incubation with lipid and hydrophilic extracts obtained from bottarga samples at different storage conditions. Storage of bottarga did not affect the n-3 PUFA level, but significant differences were observed in hydroperoxide and malondialdeyde levels of samples from different storage conditions. Bottarga extracts did not show a toxic effect on cell viability. Epithelial cells incubated with bottarga oil had significant changes in fatty acid composition with an accumulation of EPA, DHA, and 22:5, however, did not accumulate more cholesterol than control cells.
Mullet bottarga as source of n-3 fatty acids: oxidative stability and modulation of lipid profile in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells
The importance of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) intake has long been recognized in human nutrition, lowering the incidence of atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, inflammatory disease and cancer. Although health benefits, n-3 PUFA are subject to rapid and/or extensive oxidation during processing and storage, resulting in potential alteration in nutritional composition and quality of food. Bottarga, the salted and semidried mullet (Mugil cephalus) ovary product, is proposed as important source of n-3 PUFA, having high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). In this work we investigated the extent of lipid oxidation of grated bottarga samples during 7 months at different storage conditions (-20°C, 2°C, room temperature under light/dark exposure). Cell viability, lipid composition and lipid peroxidation were measured in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers after 6-48 h incubation with lipid and hydrophilic extracts obtained from bottarga samples at different storage conditions. Storage of bottarga did not affect the n-3 PUFA level, but significant differences were observed in hydroperoxide and malondialdeyde levels of samples from different storage conditions. Bottarga extracts did not show a toxic effect on cell viability. Epithelial cells incubated with bottarga oil had significant changes in fatty acid composition with an accumulation of EPA, DHA, and 22:5, however, did not accumulate more cholesterol than control cells.