La sindrome delle apnee ostruttive durante il sonno
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Abstract
La sindrome delle apnee notturne (OSAS) è una patologia di notevole impatto epidemiologico e un ben documentato fattore di rischio cardio- e cerebrovascolare, anche in virtù dello stretto rapporto fisiopatogenetico con ipertensione arteriosa, alterazioni endocrino-funzionali e del metabolismo glico-lipidico, trombofilia e flogosi sistemica, nonché con l’obesità: tra il 40 e il 60% dei soggetti obesi presentano un disturbo respiratorio nel sonno e tra i pazienti con OSAS il 70% sono obesi. Il lavoro, dopo aver sottolineato pertanto i tratti dell’OSAS come vera e propria malattia sistemica, analizza i punti cardine del percorso diagnostico-terapeutico ottimale dei pazienti affetti da un disturbo respiratorio ostruttivo nel sonno. La proposta terapeutica può comprendere, nell’ottica di una auspicabile “personalizzazione” della stessa, il ricorso a misure comportamentali, terapie protesico-ortodontiche, terapie protesico-ventilatorie o terapie chirurgiche. Indipendentemente dalla gravità sindromica il controllo del peso corporeo risulta fondamentale.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep breathing disorder of considerable epidemiological impact and a well-documented risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, because of the close relationship with hypertension, endocrine and glyco-lipid metabolism impairments, thrombophilic state and systemic inflammation, as well as with obesity: between 40 and 60% of obese subjects have a sleep breathing disorder while about 70% of patients with OSAS are obese. This work, after pointing out the features of OSAS as a systemic disease, examines the key points of the optimal diagnosis and treatment of this sleep breathing disorder. Aiming to a desirable "personalization" of the treatment, different therapeutic instruments are available, ranging from behavioral measures, to orthodontic and ventilatory devices or surgical treatments. Anyway control of body weight is crucial for the otpimal treatment of an OSAS patient.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep breathing disorder of considerable epidemiological impact and a well-documented risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, because of the close relationship with hypertension, endocrine and glyco-lipid metabolism impairments, thrombophilic state and systemic inflammation, as well as with obesity: between 40 and 60% of obese subjects have a sleep breathing disorder while about 70% of patients with OSAS are obese. This work, after pointing out the features of OSAS as a systemic disease, examines the key points of the optimal diagnosis and treatment of this sleep breathing disorder. Aiming to a desirable "personalization" of the treatment, different therapeutic instruments are available, ranging from behavioral measures, to orthodontic and ventilatory devices or surgical treatments. Anyway control of body weight is crucial for the otpimal treatment of an OSAS patient.