Balneolotherapy Features of Natural Thermal Source from Pertek (Turkey-Tunceli) Due to Its Some Chemical, Radioctivity and Biological Parameters

Main Article Content

Pinar Erecevit Sönmez

Keywords

Balneolotherapy, natural thermal water, chemical content, radioactivity value, microbiological quality, antimicrobial activity

Abstract

It can also be defined as a discipline that reviews the factors of balneology or hydrotherapy, which are alternative treatment methods for public health, from chemical, biological and medical aspects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate whether the underground waters in the Pertek district of Tunceli province are suitable for balneology. Chemical, radioactivity analysis, microbiological quality, antimicrobial activities were determined in relation to natural groundwater and its ability to be a natural healing source was investigated. When the chemical content is examined, it was determined to be bromide amount is 0.24 mg / L, Iodine (I); 1.9 mg / L, sulfur (S); 0.02 mg / L, boron (B): 2676 µg / L, silicium (Si); 1.9 mg / L. With respect to the results, thermal water has the feature to be used in balneolotherapy. According to the results of the radioactivity analysis, alpha (α) is 0.15 Bq / L; Beta (β) is <0.30 Bq / L and radon (Rn) is <13.4 Bq / L tritium (T) content is <10 Bq / L (<83.33 TB) and it is included in both mineral and young water group. This ground water and they comply with the standards in terms of microbiology (Total bacteria, coliform, Escherichia coli). Its antibacterial, antifungal and antidermatophyte properties prove to be a healing source. We confirmed the effectiveness of this healing water to both protect and promote human health and also reach the newest and most effective treatment modalities by using related water in Health and Thermal Tourism.


 

Abstract 298 | PDF Downloads 227

References

1. Özkul G, Sezgin A, Eke E, Demirel E. Beypazarı region thermal potential case study: Tahtalı-Dutlu enterprise. First National Spa Tourism Symposium; Gönen/Balıkesir,; Demirtaş N; 2001 May 05-06. p. 3-19.
2. Boyraz M, Çetin A. Evaluating the use of geothermal resources in thermal hotel enterprises from a managerial point of view: Denizli province example. SDU Visionary J 2019;10(23): 84-98.
3. Özbek D, Özbek T [Internet]. Integration of geothermal resources into health and thermal tourism. 2018. p 99. Available from: https://www.jmo.org.tr/resimler/ekler/40222ade2401c27_ek.pdf?dergi=HABER%20B%DCLTEN%DD
4. Aslan R. Determination of the effect of long-term consumption of hot spring water on oxidant antioxidant balance and some biochemical parameters in rats. Afyon Kocatepe University Scientific Research Project Report. Project number: p. 09. VF. 20. 2009; p.3.
5. Gabriella G, Papetti A, Daglia M, Berte F, Gregotti C. Protective activity of water soluble components of some common diet vegetables on rat liver microsome and the effect of thermal treatment. J Agric Food Chem1998; 46:4123- 4127.
6. Karagülle Z. Spa treatment, balneotherapy and climatotherapy. Turkey Hot Springs and Spa Medicine Guide. I. Edition. İstanbul:Karagülle MZ. and Doğan MB.;Nobel Medicine Bookstores; 2002;1-48.
7. Hacioğlu N, Dülger B. Monthly variation of some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters in Biga Stream (Biga, Çanakkale, Turkey). Afr J Biotech 2009;8(9):1929-1937.
8. Gurler O, Akar U, Kahraman A, Yaşçın S, Kaynak G, Gündoğdu O. Measurements of radon levels in thermal waters of Bursa, Turkey. Fresenius Environ Bull 2010;19(12):301-307.
9. Çevik C, Eryavuz A, Ulutaş Küçükkurt İ, et al. Determination of the effect of long-term consumption of vitamin C together with hot spring water and hot spring water on oxidant antioxidant balance and some biochemical parameters in rats. Kocatepe Vet J 2011 ;4(2):23-32.
10. Acar G, Tokatlı C, Köse E, Çiçek A, Dayıoğlu H. Investigation of Emet and hisarcık groundwater quality (Kütahya). DPU J Sci I 2012; 27:13-22.
11. Çamur D, Değerli S, Vaizoğlu SA, Yavuz CI, İlter H, Güler C. Important emerging public health problem in thermal springs: Amoeba a preliminary study from Turkey. J Environ Prot Ecol 2016;17(2):469-476.
12. Çevik C, Ulutaş E, Demirel H, İnce S, Eryavuz A. Determination of effect on oxidant antioxidant balance and some biochemical parameters consumption of bottled, distiled and deionized thermal water in rats. Kocatepe Vet J 2016;9(3):171-178.
13. Carbajo JM, Maraver F. Sulphurous mineral waters: New applications for health. Hindawi E CAM 2017; p11.
14. Karagülle M [Internet]. Pertek thermal health tourism agriculture construction and trade. Medical balneological evaluation of water analysis reports of joint stock company Pertek Thermal facility. Available from: Müfit Zeki Karagülle http://www.azkurs.org/pertek-termal-saglik-tur-ins-ve-tic-as-pertek-termal-tesisi-su.html. 17.12.2014.
15. Karaca B, Akata I, Çöleri Cihan A. Antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities of Lentinus edodes, Lactarius delicious and Ganoderma lucidum. Kastamonu Univ J Fac Forestry 2017;17(4):660-668.
16. Yalçınkaya F. Treatment methods and techniques in folk medicine. Int J Folk Res 2019;1(2): p11.
17. Hizmetli S. Hydroclimatology-balneotherapy practices in elderly patients. Turkısh J Physiother Rehabil. 2009;55(2):100-3.
18. SM4500 S2D Sülfide methylene blue method [Internet]. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastwater (AWWA); 40 CFR Part 136, 2011. Sulfide-Hach. Available from: https://www.hach.com/asset-get.download.jsa?id=7639983902.
19. SM 3111 D-(2011) Metals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry - direct nitrous oxide-acetylene flame method. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastwater (AWWA); 40 CFR Part 136.
20. SM4110B Standart method determination of anion by ion chromatography with chemical supression of eluent conductivity. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastwater (AWWA); 40 CFR Part 136, 2011. 141.
21. EPA 200.7 Determination of metal and trace elements water and wastes by inducively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Methods for the determination of metals in environmental samples EPA/600/R-94/111; 40 CFR Part 136, 1994; 141.
22. TSEN ISO 9308-1. (2014/A1:2017) Water quality enumeration of Escherichia coli and coliform bacteriae Part 1: Membrane filtration method for waters with low bacterial background flora. International Standard Organization 2014.
23. Clavijo A, Maria FK, Rossen A, et al.The nematode caenorhabditis elegans as an integrated toxicological tool to assess water quality and pollution. Sci Total Environ 2016;569–570:252-261.
24. NCCLS, Methods for dilution and antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically;Approved standard- Fifth Edition. NCCLS document M7-A5, NCCLS: Wayne, PA, USA, 2000.
25. İştar E. Helath tourism in Turkey: A study on newspapers. Int J Manag Strategies Res 2016;3(1):26-35.
26. Varol S. Total alpha and beta radioactivity in groundwater. J Eng Sci Design 2011;1(3):101-106.
27. Güler Ç, Çobanoğlu Z. Water quality, Environmental health core resource series. No. 43, 1st Edition, Ankara, 1997; p92.
28. Balım G, Balım T [Internet]. 2020. Available from: http://www.goksinbalim.com.tr/makaleler/makaleler/iyotun-ne-kadar-onemli-oldugunu-biliyor-musunuz 2020.
29. Zengin B, Eker N. Evaluation of thermal tourism potential of Sakarya province. Kastamonu Univ J Eco Adm Sci 2016; 13:165-181.
30. Kıranşan K, Şengün MT. Bingöl province geothermal resources. The proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Turkish Association of Geographers. Fatih University. 19-21 June, İstanbul. 2013; p.339.
31. Şimşek C. Boron and arsenic pollution in Balçova geothermal field. Geothermal Energy Seminar 2014;361-368.
32. Kardeş S. The mechanisms of action of radon in medical hydroclimatology. Aegean Medical Sciences Journal Medical Ecology and Hydroclimatology 80th Anniversary Symposium 1938&2018. İstanbul. 15 December, 2018; p.46.
33. Takinacı ZD. Comparison of the effectiveness of balneotherapy, peloidotherapy and exercise therapy in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis [PhD Thesis]. Istanbul University, Institute of Health Sciences. Istanbul. 2011;98 p.
34. Camgöz B Saç MM, Bolca M, Özen F, Oruç ÖE, Demirel N. Examination of radioactivity and chemical content of thermal waters; Example of İzmir, Seferihisar Region. Ecol 2010;19(76):78-87.
35. Water and health. Natural mineral water guidebook. Chapter 4, Defining natural mineral water. Strengthening the ministry of health in harmonization and implementation of water legislation for the protection of public health. Twinning Project. TR 04-IB-EN- 04. Ankara. 2008; p.59.
36. Kamanlı Can N. Microbiological quality analysis and determination of antibiotic resistance in various water samples by membrane filtration and conventional methods [PhD Thesis]. Gazi University, Institute of Science. Ankara. 2011; 223 p.
37. Çölbe N, Gürbüz H, Kavurgacı N, Kısaoğlu S, Ergin Ç, Ergin Ş. In-vitro effect of Karahayıt thermal water on Staphylococcus aureus growth. PAM Med J 2010 ;3(3):137-141.