“Restrained eating” vs “dieting”: how are they associated with body weight status, eating behavior and eating frequency among Polish adolescent

Joanna Bajerska; Joanna Pieczyńska; Małgorzata Woźniewicz; Ewelina Chawłowska; Karolina Łagowska; Maria Biskupska

doi:10.23751/pn.v24i4.12468

“Restrained eating” vs “dieting”: how are they associated with body weight status, eating behavior and eating frequency among Polish adolescent

Authors

Joanna Bajerska Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Science
Joanna Pieczyńska Poznan University of Life Science, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7367-9120
Małgorzata Woźniewicz Poznan University of Life Science, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
Ewelina Chawłowska Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-9498
Karolina Łagowska Poznan University of Life Science, Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-5198
Maria Biskupska Laboratory of International Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland

Keywords:

adolescents, dieting, disinhibition, restrained eaters, eating behavior

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to assess how dieting and dietary restraint were associated with body weight status and eating frequency of certain food groups in a sample of 874 healthy Polish adolescents and young adults aged 16-18 years. Methods: Anthropometric parameters were measured using standardised techniques and instruments. The validated food frequency questionnaire was used to assess habitual dietary intakes. Eating behaviour was assessed with the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire. The physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results: The odds ratio (OR) for overweight and obesity was 1.81 (CI95%:1.22;2.70, p=0.003) times higher among current dieters than nondieters. The odds of being overweight or obese were significantly lower with female sex [OR=0.40 (CI95%:0.27;0.59, p<0.001)]. BMI z-score and WHtR were significantly higher by 0.32 (CI95%:0.18;0.47,p<0.001) and 0.02 (CI95%:0.01;0.02,p<0.001) among dieters than nondieters respectively. Those variables did not differ among restrained and nonrestrained eaters. Dieters were more restrained by 1.71 (CI95%:1.35;2.07,p<0.001) and they had significantly higher disinhibition scores that nondieters did by 0.71 (CI95%:0.33;1.09,p<0.001). Restraint scores were significantly higher by 5.24 (CI95%:4.90;5.57,p<0.001) among restrained eaters vs. unrestrained counterparts. Dieters (especially males) declared less frequent eating of meats & eggs, milk & dairy products, sweets, snacks & fast foods, sweetened beverages. Restrained eaters (especially females) limited the frequency of consumption of most of the unhealthy food items. Conclusions: Effective nutrition education programmes targeted at weight management in adolescents should be gender-specific and concentrate on both the common dietary errors and sensible dietary approaches to weight reduction.

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