Il selenio
Keywords:
Selenium, dietary supplement, Selenio, supplementazione dieteticaAbstract
RiassuntoIl selenio è un elemento chimico con numero atomico 34 indicato con il simbolo Se. In molti organismi compreso l’uomo svolge alcune funzioni importanti. Nell’organismo umano il selenio è un costituente di alcuni enzimi antiossidanti come la glutatione perossidasi e di enzimi nella ghiandola tiroidea, quindi a piccole dosi è utile al nostro organismo, mentre ha effetti tossici se assunto a dosi elevate. Fonti naturali di selenio sono l’acqua (meno di 10 μg/l) ed il selenio può essere bioaccumulato in vegetali ed animali fino a concentrazioni pari ad 1 mg/Kg. La concentrazione di selenio naturalmente presente negli alimenti e nelle bevande è responsabile di una apporto tra 70 e 150 µg al giorno, cioè una quantità superiore al fabbisogno stimato: 55 μg al giorno. Conseguentemente l’assunzione artificiale di selenio sotto forma di integratori può risultare pericolosa.
The selenium
Summary
Selenium is a chemical element with the atomic number 34, represented by the chemical symbol Se. It is toxic in large amounts, but trace amounts of it are necessary for cellular function in most animals, forming the active centre of the enzymes like glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxin reductase and three known deiodinase enzymes. Natural sources of selenium are water (less than 10 μg/l) and selenium that has been bio concentrated by plants and animals (from 0 to 1 mg/Kg). The selenium normal dietary intake (food and drink water) ranges from 30 to 130 μg/die and the optimum intake estimate ranges from 50 to 70 μg a day. Consequently the dietary supplement, typically 50 to 200 μg/die for adult, can be dangerous and, in Italy, the estimated greatest dietary supplement should be less than 83 μg/die for adult (105 μg a day for adult in the USA, according to the EPA).
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