Qualità alimentare e nutraceutica di linee di cavolfiore"violetto di Catania"
Keywords:
Isotiocianati, sulforafane, sostanze volatili, vitamina C, antociani totali, analisi GC/MS, analisi HPLC, Isothiocyanates, sulforaphane, volatile substances, vitamin C, total anthocyanins, GC/MS and HPLC analysisAbstract
RiassuntoIl contenuto in sostanze volatili caratteristiche, isotiocianati, vitamina C ed antociani totali è stato determinato in 4 genotipi di cavolfiore “violetto di Catania” (BR13S3, BR15S1, CV33S1, CV99S2B), per valutare la qualità alimentare e nutraceutica. Le sostanze volatili caratteristiche sono state estratte e concentrate con un metodo combinato microonde-resina-solvente da campioni liofilizzati e gli estratti analizzati quali-quantitativamente per via GC/MS. Nei campioni liofilizzati, gli isotiocianati ottenuti per idrolisi con mirosinasi dai corrispettivi glucosinolati, sono stati estratti con solvente ed analizzati quali-quantitativamente per via GC/MS. La vitamina C, estratta con acqua dist. stabilizzata con acido metafosforico (6%) da campioni liofilizzati, è stata quantificata per via HPLC. Gli antociani totali, estratti con CH3OH acidificato con HCl da campioni liofilizzati, sono stati quantificati per via spettrofotometrica a 528 nm. I risultati ottenuti hanno messo in evidenza che, per la qualità alimentare, il genotipo CV33S1 presenta il più alto contenuto in sostanze volatili caratteristiche, con valori di 24.66 mg/100 g s.s.; mentre negli altri genotipi i valori oscillano tra 10.57 e 11.83 mg/100 g ss. Per la qualità nutraceutica, tra gli isotiocianati, i valori del sulforafane oscillano tra 2.21 e 2.42 μmoli/g s.s. per i genotipi CV33S1, CV99S2B e BR13S3; mentre valori di 1.10 μmoli/g s.s. vengono osservati nella linea BR15S1. La vitamina C ha il valore più elevato di 50 mg/100 g p.f. nella CV99S2B, scende a 31.60 mg/100 g p.f. nella CV33S1; mentre valori più bassi oscillanti tra 25.20 e 18.80 mg/100 g p.f. vengono rilevati rispettivamente nelle linee BR13S3 e BR15S1. Gli antociani totali hanno la più elevata concentrazione di 40.36 mg/100 g p.f. nella linea BR13S3, si dimezzano a 20.57 mg/100 g p.f. nella linea CV99S2B; mentre valori più bassi, compresi tra 17.04 e 14.51 mg/100 g p.f. vengono notati rispettivamente nelle linee BR15S1 e CV33S1.
Alimentary and nutraceutical quality of “violetto di Catania” cauliflower genotypes
Summary
Content of the volatile characteristic substances, isothiocyanates, vitamin C and total anthocyanins were determined in 4 genotypes of cauliflower “violetto di Catania” (BR13S3, BR15S1, CV33S1, CV99S2B) to evaluate the alimentary and nutraceutical quality. The volatile characteristic substances were extracted and concentrated from freeze-dried samples by a microwave-resin-solvent method and the obtained extracts were quali-quantitatively analysed by GC/MS. Isothiocyanates, obtained by myrosinase enzyme from corrispective glucosinolates, were quali-quantitatively analysed by GC/MS. Vitamin C, extracted from freeze-dried samples by distillate water + metaphosphoric acid (6%), was then quantified by HPLC analysis. Total anthocyanins, extracted from freeze-dried samples by methanol + HCl, were quantified by spectrophotometric analysis at 528 nm. For the alimentary quality, CV33S1 had the highest content in volatile characteristic substances (24.66 mg/100 g d.m.); while in the other genotypes, the values ranged between 10.57 and 11.83 mg/100 g d.m. For the nutraceutical quality, among isothiocyanates, the values of sulforaphane ranged between 2.21 and 2.42 μmol/g d.m. for the CV33S1, CV99S2B and BR13S3 genotypes; while the value of 1.10 μmol/g d.m. was noted in BR15S1 genotype. Vitamin C had the highest value (50 mg/100 g w.w.) in CV99S2B, decreased up to 31.60 mg/100 g w.w. in the CV33S1 genotype, while lower values, ranging between 25.20 and 18.80 mg/100 g w.w., were ascertained in BR13S3 and BR15S1 genotypes respectively. Total anthocyanins had the highest concentration (40 mg/100 g w.w.) in BR13S3, decreased up to 20.57 mg/100 g w.w. in CV99S2B; while lower values, between 17.04 and 14.57 mg/100 g w.w., were noted in the BR15S1 and CV33S1 genotypes respectively.
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