Impact of the exercise on the Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production
Main Article Content
Keywords
SCFAs, gut microbiota, exercise, athlete health.
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic, endocrine, and immune functions. Many researchers have tried their best to demonstrate the involvement of gut microbiota in the modulation of several biochemical pathways which are connected to gut brain axis. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the vital metabolites which are produced in the colon via bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant to starch. The breakdown of dietary fibers and the subsequent fermentation of monosaccharides to SCFAs is on the most polemically discussed mechanisms of how gut bacteria influence host physiological environment. These SCFAs play an important role in gut microbiota. Fibers reduce energy density of the diet and the resulting SCFAs promote intestinal gluconeogenesis, incretin formation and afterward satiety. SCFAs also deliver energy to the host and support gluconeogenesis. In this study, we aimed to assess SCFAs as a metabolic regulator and how they might enhance endurance performance in athletes. Future research may provide the usefulness of SCFAs and allowing athletes to maximize their performance in various competitions.
References
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7. Chambers, E.S., Preston, T., Frost, G and Morrison, D.J. Role of gut microbiota-generated short-chain fatty acids in metabolic and cardiovascular health. Current Nutrition Reports,2018. 7, 198-206.
8. Rios-Covian, D., Ruas-Madiedo, P., Margolles, A., Gueimonde, M., De los Reyes-Gavilan, C.G. and Salazar, N. Intestinal short chain fatty acids and their link with diet and human health. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7, 185.
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14. Bugaut M. Occurrence, absorption, and metabolism of short chain fatty acids in the digestive tract of mammals. Comp Biochem Physiol B, 1987. 86:439-72.
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17. Cummings JH. Short chain fatty acids in the human colon. Gut, 1981. 22, 763-779.
18. Macfarlane GT & Macfarlane S. Human colonic microbiota: ecology, physiology, and metabolic potential of intestinal bacteria. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl, 1997. 222, 3-9.
19. den Besten G, van Eunen K, Groen AK, Venema K, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism. J Lipid Res, 2013. 54:2325-40.
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21. Serpa J, Caiado F, Carvalho T, Torre C, Goncalves LG, Casalou C, Lamosa P, Rodrigues M, Zhu Z, Lam EW, Dias S. Butyrate-rich colonic microenvironment is a relevant selection factor for metabolically adapted tumor cells. J Biol Chem, 2010. 285, 39211-23.
22. den Besten G, Lange K, Havinga R, van Dijk TH, Gerding A, van Eunen K, Muller M, Groen AK, Hooiveld GJ, Bakker BM, Reijngoud DJ. Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids are vividly assimilated into host carbohydrates and lipids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2013. 305, G900-10.
23. LeBlanc JG, Chain F, Martín R, Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Courau S, Langella P. Beneficial effects on host energy metabolism of short-chain fatty acids and vitamins produced by commensal and probiotic bacteria. Microb Cell Fact, 2017. 16 (1),79.
24. Kapitan M, Niemiec MJ, Steimle A. Fungi as part of the microbiota and interactions with intestinal bacteria. Fungal physiology and immunopathogenesis. Springer, 2018. 265-301.
25. Dickson RP, Erb-Downward JR, Martinez FJ, Huffnagle GB. The microbiome and the respiratory tract. Annu Rev Physiol, 2016. 78,481-504.
26. Gao L, Xu T, Huang G, Jiang S, Gu Y, Chen F. Oral microbiomes: more and more importance in oral cavity and whole body. Protein Cell, 2018. 9,488-500.
27. Baker JM, Chase DM, Herbst-Kralovetz MM. Uterine microbiota: residents, tourists, or invaders? Front Immunol, 2018. 9, 208.
28. Chen CH, Yorgason E. Redefining Asian masculinity in the age of global media. Asian Communication Research, 2018. 15,123-53.
29. Reid G, Younes JA, Van der Mei HC, Gloor GB, Knight R, Busscher HJ. Microbiota restoration: natural and 491 supplemented recovery of human microbial communities. Nature reviews Microbiology, 2011. 492(9), 27-38.
30. Qin J, Li R, Raes J, Arumugam M, Burgdorf KS, Manichanh C, Nielsen T, Pons N, Levenez F, Yamada T, Mende DR, Li J, Xu J, Li S, Li D, Cao J, Wang B, Liang H, Zheng H, Xie Y, Tap J, Lepage P, Bertalan M, Batto JM, Hansen T, Le Paslier D, Linneberg A, Nielsen HB, Pelletier E, Renault P, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Turner K, Zhu H, Yu C, Li S, Jian M, Zhou Y, Li Y, Zhang X, Li S, Qin N, Yang H, Wang J, Brunak S, Doré J, Guarner F, Kristiansen K, Pedersen O, Parkhill J, Weissenbach J; MetaHIT Consortium, Bork P, Ehrlich SD, Wang J.A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing. Nature, 2010. 464:59-65.
31. Lepage P, Leclerc MC, Joossens M, Mondot S, Blottière HM, Raes J, Ehrlich D, Doré J. A metagenomic insight into our gut's microbiome. Gut, 2013. 62(1):146-58.
32. Gomez de Agüero M, Ganal-Vonarburg SC, Fuhrer T, Rupp S, Uchimura Y, Li H, Steinert A, Heikenwalder M, Hapfelmeier S, Sauer U, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ. The maternal microbiota drives early postnatal innate immune development. Science, 2016. 18,351(6279):1296-302.
33. Rakoff-Nahoum S, Kong Y, Kleinstein SH, Subramanian S, Ahern PP, Gordon JI, Medzhitov R. Analysis of gene-environment interactions in postnatal development of the mammalian intestine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2015. 17;112(7),1929-36.
34. Forbes JD, Azad MB, Vehling L, et al. Association of exposure to formula in the hospital and subsequent infant feeding practices with gut microbiota and risk of overweight in the first year of life. JAMA Pediatr, 2018. 172, 181161.
35. Winter G, Hart RA, Charlesworth RPG, Sharpley CF. Gut microbiome and depression: what we know and what we need to know. Rev Neurosci, 2018. 29:629-43.
36. Miranda-Comas, Gerardo & Petering, Ryan & Zaman, Nadia & Chang, Richard. Implications of the Gut Microbiome in Sports. Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2022. 1941-73812110600.
37. Crowson MM, McClave SA. Does the Intestinal Microbiome Impact Athletic Performance? Curr Gastroenterol Rep, 2020. 22(11):53.
38. Tremaroli V, Backhed F. Functional interactions between the gut microbiota and host metabolism. Nature, 2012. 489:242-9.
39. Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science, 2012. 336:1262-7.
40. Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature, 2006. 444, 102731.
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Alruways MW. Impact of the exercise on the Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 21 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];25(1):e2023010. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/13614
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How to Cite
1.
Alruways MW. Impact of the exercise on the Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 21 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];25(1):e2023010. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/13614
