Effect of non-nutritive sweeteners on body weight and composition: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Keywords
Non-nutritive sweeteners
Abstract
Background: Obesity has become a worldwide health problem, which has been recognized as a global epidemic by World Health Organization. It can lead to obesity-associated comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, hypertension and coronary heart disease. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) were designed as a sugar substitute to solve obesity and its subsequent outcomes. The effect of NNS on body weight is not sure. Methods: We performed the search of Embase (Ovid), Medline (Ovid), Web of science, VIP, CNKI, CBM, and Cochrane with the Mesh terms and keywords, and then according to inclusion and exclusion criteria screened the literature. We completed data extraction and statistical analysis using the R package meta. Result: In total 16 studies included in data analyses, 1427 people were enrolled with varying body weight at baseline. We found that individuals using NNS had weight loss compared to not using NNS individuals (SMD=-0.33; 95%CI -0.55 to -0.1; p<0.01). 8 studies (n=650) showed that compared with the control group, the BMI of the experimental group also decreased (SMD=-0.61,95%CI -1.35 to 0.31), and the I² was 95%. Conclusions: Data suggest that application of non-nutritive sweeteners can reduce body weight, but long-term application may lead to weight gain and metabolic disorders.
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