Body Perceptions of Female Athletes Aged Between 11 and 14

Main Article Content

Murat Şakar https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9853-5879
Melek Bayındır https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9210-2527
Tahir Kılıç https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-2499

Keywords

Keywords: Body perception, women playing and not playing sports, multidimensional body-self relations

Abstract

Study Objectives: This study aimed to examine the body perception levels of women aged between 11 and 14, including those not playing sports and playing sports according to their sports branches. Method:  the study was carried out with 140 female participants between ages 11 and 14. The study group consists of 80 licensed women athletes playing volleyball (n:28), basketball (n:25), badminton (n:9), and swimming (n:18) and also 60 women who are educated in the same school but do not actively play sports. Participants were included in the study voluntarily. The data were measured for the 2017-2018 academic calendar by using the "The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ)". The Turkish validity and reliability of this scale were performed. Results: The appearance orientation scores of individuals who play individual and team sports were found to be significantly lower than those who do not. It was observed that there was a significant difference in the body perception levels of women playing and not playing sports. Moreover, there was a significant difference between the fitness evaluation, fitness orientation, and overall scale scores according to age, branch, and sports status. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the scores of appearance evaluation, health orientation, body areas satisfaction, appearance orientation, and health evaluation. Conclusion: The formation of a positive body image can be achieved by actively participating in sports and physical activities in adolescence. It should be encouraged as a state policy that adolescents participate in social sportive communities where they can establish healthy relationships. To have adult behaviors and to struggle with life, for individuals with reduced anxiety levels, high self-esteem and self-confidence, and satisfaction with their body image, organized planning and precautions should be performed to adapt them to life.

Abstract 169 | PDF Downloads 124

References

1. Peplau, L. A., and Perlman, D. (Eds.) Loneliness: A sourcebook of current theory, research, and therapy.1982. New York: Wiley-Interscience
2. Shaver, P. R., and Brennan, K. A. Attachment styles and the "Big Five" personality traits: Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.1992. 18(5), 536–545. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292185003
3. Leary, M. R. (1983). Social anxiousness: The construct and its measurement. Journal of Personality Assessment.1983.47(1), 66-75. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4701.
4. Robin M.Williams, jr. Chapter 2:Change and stability in values and value systems;A socialogical perspective.Understanding human values individual and societel.Milton Rokeach.Callior macmillon publishers.1979.london
5. Currie, C., Nic Gabhainn, S., Godeau, E. et al. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children: WHO Collaborative Cross-National (HBSC) Study: origins, concept, history, and development 1982–2008. Int J Public Health. 2009. 54, 131–139 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-009-5404-x
6. Cara L. Booker, Alexandra J. Skew, Yvonne J. Kelly, and Amanda Sacker. Media Use, Sports Participation, and Well-Being in Adolescence: Cross-Sectional Findings from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Am J Public Health. 2015. 105(1): 173–179. doi: 10.2105/AJPH. 2013.301783.
7. Iannotti RJ, Janssen I, Haug E et al. Interrelationships of adolescent physical activity, screen-based sedentary behaviour, and social and psychological health. Int J Public Health. 54 (suppl 2). 2009. 191–198.
8. Tremblay MS, LeBlanc AG, Kho ME et al. Systematic review of sedentary behviour and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011. 8:98.
9. Andersen JR, Natvig GK, Aadland E, Moe VF, Kolotkin RL, Anderssen SA, Resaland GK Associations between health-related quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, physical activity, and waist circumference in 10-year-old children: the Ask study. Qual Life Res. 2017. 26(12):3421-3428.
10. Biddle SJ, Asare M Br. Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews. J Sports Med. 2011. 45(11):886-95.
11. Lubans D, Richards J, Hillman C, Faulkner G, Beauchamp M, Nilsson M, Kelly P, Smith J, Raine L, Biddle S. Physical Activity for Cognitive and Mental Health in Youth: A Systematic Review of Mechanisms. Pediatrics.2016. 138(3).
12. Kirkcaldy BD, Shephard RJ, Siefen RG. The relationship between physical activity and self-image and problem behaviour among adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2002. 37(11):544-50.
13. Wen CKF, Liao Y, Maher JP, Huh J, Belcher BR, Dzubur E, Dunton GF. Relationships among affective states, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in children: Moderation by perceived stress..Health Psychol. 2018. 37(10):904-914
14. Alagül, Ö. Farklı spor branşlarındaki sporcuların atılganlık ile beden algısı ilişkisi.Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2004.İzmir.
15. Yılmaz, H.Ö., Obez Bireylere Verilen Beslenme Eğitiminin Beden İmgesiyle Uğraşıya, Beslenme Davranışına ve Kilo Vermeye Etkisi, Marmara Üniversitesi, Sağ.Bil. Ens. Halk Sağlığı Yüksek Lisans Tezi.2009.
16. Paul Schilder. The image and appearance of the human body: studies in the constructive energies of the psyche. Taylor and Francis. 1950.Routledge.
17. Güney, C. 15-18 yaş arası ergenlerde beden imgesi ile sosyal anksiyete arasındaki ilişkide kişilik özelliklerinin aracı etkisinin incelenmesi. İstanbul: Işık Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.2018.
18. Bektaş, D. Y. Ergenlerde beden imgesi üzerine bir çalışma. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi. 2004. 3(22), 67-75.
19. Yılmaz, Ş. Plastik ve Rekonstrüktif Cerrahi Hastalarında Preop ve Postop Dönemde Beden İmajı ve Benlik Saygısının Değerlendirilmesi, Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi.2009
20. Öngören, B. Sosyolojik Açıdan Sağlıklı Beden İmgesi. Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015. 16 (34), 25-45. Retrieved from (https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sobbiad/issue/36373/412313).
21. Oğuz, G. Y. Bir güzellik miti olarak incelik ve kadınlarla ilgili beden imgesinin televizyonda sunumu. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi. 2005. 4(1), 31-37
22. Adams, C. E., and Leary, M. R. Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology. 2007. 26(10), 1120-1144.
23. Cooke, D. J., and Michie, C. Psychopathy across cultures: North America and Scotland compared. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 1999. 108(1), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.108.1.58
24. Ata, A, Vural, A, Keskin, F. Beden Algısı ve Obezite . Ankara Medical Journal. 2014. 14 (3). DOI: 10.17098/amj.02494.
25. Uğur, G. “Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Atılganlık ve Beden Algısı İlişkisi” Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. 1996.İzmir,
26. Cash, T. F., Winstead, B. W., and Janda, L. H. The great American shape-up: Body image survey report.Psychology Today. 1986. 20(4), 30–37.
27. Doğan, O. Çok yönlü beden - self ilişkileri ölçeği el kitabı. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi yayınları, no. 53.1992.
28. Kirsten R., Feliciano F. The Relationship Between Types of Female Athletic Participation and Female Body Type. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied. 2004. 138(2):115-28. DOI:10.3200/JRLP.138.2.115-128.
29. D. Craig Huddy, Robert L. Johnson, Michael H. Stone. Relationship between Body Image and Percent Body Fat among Male and Female College Students Enrolled in an Introductory 14-Week Weight- Training. 1997. Course.https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.3.1075.
30. Kirkcaldy BD, Shephard RJ, Siefen RG. The relationship between physical activity and self-image and problem behaviour among adolescents. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol.2002. 37(11):544-50.
31. Asteria Brylka, Dieter Wolke, Sebastian Ludyga, Ayten Bilgin, Juliane Spiegler, Hayley Trower, Anna Gkiouleka, Markus Gerber, Serge Brand, Alexander Grob, Peter Weber, Kati Heinonen, Eero Kajantie, Katri Räikkönen, and Sakari Lemola. Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Well-Being in Very Pre-Term and Term Born Adolescents: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Two Accelerometry Studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021.18(4): 1735.