Physical activity, night eating, and mood state profiles of athletes during the COVID-19 pandemic

Main Article Content

Mine Turgut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8556-3114
Yusuf Soylu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0609-0601
Serkan Necati Metin https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5951-2893

Keywords

Athlete, COVID-19, Night Eating, Mood, Physical Activity

Abstract

Study Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of COVID-19 Pandemic physical activity, night eating, and mood in athletes. Methods: 278 (men: 167 and women: 111) athletes from different branches participated the research voluntarily. In the research, personal information form and IPAQ-SF to measure the level of physical activity, the Night Eating Scale (NE) to measure the night eating level, and the Brunel Mood Scale for the mood were used. In the analysis of the data, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation, and regression analysis were used. Results: According to the research findings, a negative significant and high correlation was found between IPAQ high intensity and IPAQ total energy expenditure and fatigue mood. There was a positive and high relation between night eating and mood swings of fatigue, depression, and angry. It was determined that eating at night did not predict physical activity, and eating at night predicted vigorous mood by 21%. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it was observed that during the COVID-19 pandemic, athletes could remain physically active, but because of the negative effects of staying home in daily life, it had negative effects on night-time eating behaviour and mood.

Abstract 1205 | PDF Downloads 512

References

1.Hammami A, Harrabi B, Mohr M, Krustrup P. (2020) Physical activity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): specific recommendations for home-based physical training, Manag. Sport Leis. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2020.1757494
2. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, Meng L, Lu S. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal. 2020;10(2):102-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001
3. Ravalli, S.; Musumeci, G. Coronavirus Outbreak in Italy: Physiological Benefits of Home-Based Exercise During Pandemic. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2020, 5, 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5020031
4. Lippi G, Henry BM, Sanchis-Gomar F. Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020; 27(9), 906-908. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320916823
5. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet. 2020; 395(10227), 912-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
6. Yeo TJ. Sport and exercise during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2020; 27(12), 1239-1241. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487320933260
7. Sarto F, Impellizzeri FM, Spörri J, et al. Impact of Potential Physiological Changes due to COVID-19 Home Confinement on Athlete Health Protection in Elite Sports: a Call for Awareness in Sports Programming. Sports Med. 2020; 50(8), 1417-1419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01297-6
8. Andreato LV, Coimbra DR, Andrade A. Challenges to Athletes During the Home Confinement Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Strength Cond J. 2020; 42 (3), 1-5. doi: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000563
9. Craig CL, Marshall, AL, Sjöström M, et al. And the IPAQ consensus group and the IPAQ reliability and validity study group. international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ): 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35(13), 81-95.
10. Ozturk M. A research on Reliability and Validity of International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Determination Physical Activity Level in University Students. Hacettepe University Health Science Institute an Unpublished PhD Thesis, Ankara 2020.
11. Allison KC, Lundgren JD, O'Reardon JP, et al. The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ): psychometric properties of a measure of severity of the Night Eating Syndrome. Eat Behav. 2008; 9(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2007.03.007
12. Atasoy N, Saraclı O, Konuk N, et al. The reliability and validity of Turkish version of The Night Eating Questionnaire in psychiatric outpatient population. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg. 2014; 15(3), 238-247. doi: 10.5455/apd.39829
13. Terry PC, Lane AM, Fogarty GJ, Construct validity of the Profile of Mood States – Adolescents for use with Adults. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2003; 4(2), 125-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1469-0292(01)00035-8
14. Terry PC, Lane AM, Lane HJ, et al. Development and valiation of mood measure for adolescents. J. Sport Sci. 1999; 17(11), 861-872. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404199365425
15. Cakiroglu, AA. Brunel Ruh Hali Ölcegi’nin Yetiskin Sporcularda Gecerlik-Güvenirlik Calismasi (Turkce Uyarlamasi). Canakkale Onsekiz Mart Universitesi, Canakkale 2016.
16. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
17. Barak Y. The immune system and happiness. Autoimmun. Rev. 2006; 5(8), 523–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2006.02.010
18. Cohen S, Alper CM, Doyle WJ, Treanor JJ, Turner RB. Positive emotional style predicts resistance to illness after experimental exposure to rhinovirus or influenza A virus. Psychosom. Med. 2006; 68(6), 809–815. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000245867.92364.3c
19. Badenes LV, Prado-Gascó V, Barrón RG. Conciencia emocional, estados de ánimo y personalidad, como predictors de las quejas somáticas en niños y adultos. Psicothem. 2016; 28(4), 383–388. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2015.265
20. Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Science and society: Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for health. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2005; 5(3), 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri1571
21. Chacón-Borrego, F., Castañeda-Vázquez, C., & Corral-Pernía, J. A. (2018). Mood states and levels of physical activity in adults: Regression analysis. Hum. Sport Exerc. 2018, 13, 199-208. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.Proc2.04
22. Can S, Arslan E, Ersöz G. Guncel bakis acisi ile fiziksel aktivite. SPORMETRE. 2014; 12(1), 1-10.
23. Wolff E, Gaudlitz K, von Lindenberger BL, Plag J, Heinz A, Ströhle A. Exercise and physical activity in men¬tal disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011; 261(2), 186-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-011-0254-y
24. Lopresti AL, Hood SD, Drummond PD. A review of lifestyle factors that contribute to important pathways associated with major depression: diet, sleep and exercise. J Affect Disord. 2013;148(1):12-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.014
25. Asmundson GJ, Fetzner MG, Deboer LB, Powers MB, Otto MW, Smits JA. Let’s get physical: a contemporary review of the anxiolytic effects of exercise for anxiety and its disorders. Depress Anxiety. 2013; 30(4), 362-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22043
26. Matias T, Dominski FH, Marks DF. Human needs in COVID-19 isolation. J Health Psychol. 2020; 25(7), 871-882. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320925149
27. Yao H, Chen JH, Xu YF. Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020; 7(4), e21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30090-0
28. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3(3), e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
29. Finsterer J, Mahjoub SZ. Fatigue in healthy and diseased individuals. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2014; 31(5), 562-575. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909113494748
30. Halson, S.L. Monitoring Training Load to Understand Fatigue in Athletes. Sports Med. 2014; 44, 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
31. Knicker, A.J., Renshaw, I., Oldham, A.R.H. et al. Interactive Processes Link the Multiple Symptoms of Fatigue in Sport Competition. Sports Med. 2011; 41, 307–328. https://doi.org/10.2165/11586070-000000000-00000
32. Buchheit M, Racinais S, Bilsborough JC, et al. (2013). Monitoring fitness, fatigue and running performance during a pre-season training camp in elite football players. J Sci Med Sport. 2013; 16(6), 550-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.003
33. Geliebter A, McOuatt H, Tetreault CB, et al. Is night eating syndrome associated with obstructive sleep apnea, BMI, and depressed mood in patients from a sleep laboratory study? Eat Behav. 2016; 23, 115-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.08.008
34. Pacitti F, Maraone A, Zazzara F, Biondi M, Caredda M. Stress and night eating syndrome: a comparison study between a sample of psychiatric outpatients and healthy subjects. Riv. Psichiatr. 2011; 46, 195-202. DOI 10.1708/889.9810
35. Caredda M, Roscioli C, Mistretta M, Pacitti F. Stress vulnerability and night eating syndrome in the general population. Riv Psichiatr. 2009; 44: 45-54. PMID: 20066937
36. Can S, Gündüz N, Arslan E, Biernat E, Ersöz G, Kilit B. Multi-instrument assessment of physical activity in female office workers. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2016; 29(6), 937-945. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00710
37. Ko GT, Chan JC, Chan AW, et al. Association between sleeping hours, working hours and obesity in Hong Kong Chinese: the 'better health for better Hong Kong' health promotion campaign. Int J Obes (Lond). 2007; 31(2), 254-260. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803389
38. Chaput JP, Després JP, Bouchard C, Tremblay A. Short sleep duration is associated with reduced leptin levels and increased adiposity: Results from the Quebec family study. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007; 15(1), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.512
39. Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Martos Martínez Á, et al. Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population. PLoS One. 2020; 15(6), e0235305. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235305
40. Moreira de Medeiros P, Moreno M, Nogueira M, Marcondes J, et al. The psychiatric impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak. Psychiatry Res. 2020; 286, 112902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres
41. Cisler JM, Koster EH. Mechanisms of attentional biases towards threat in anxiety disorders: An integrative review. Clin. Psychol. Rev. 2010; 30(2), 203–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.003
42. Arslan E, Aras D, Can S. Sporcu ve sedanter kadinlarda günlük enerji harcamasi ve fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin karsilastirilmasi. SPORMETRE. 2016; 14(1), 53-61.
43. Tudor-Locke CE, Myers AM. Challenges and opportunities for measuring physical activity in sedentary adults. Sports Med. 2001; 31(2), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200131020-00002