Mindfulness, healthy life skills and life satisfaction in varsity athletes and university students

Main Article Content

Çağrı Arı
Cihan Ulun
Yunus Emre Yarayan
Mücahit Dursun
Tuğba Mutlu Bozkurt
Ümit Doğan Üstün

Keywords

Mindfulness, Satisfaction with Life, Healthy Life Behaviors, University Students, Varsity Athletes

Abstract

Study Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the differences in the perception of mindfulness, healthy life skills, and life satisfaction in varsity athletes and university students. Analyzing the correlations between the variables was another aim. Materials and Method: The study was designed as a crosssectional quantitative study, and the study sample consisted of 379 university students from Gazi University. In the study, to collect data Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS), Healthy Life Skills for University Students Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale were used together. In analyzes of the data, independent samples t-test, Partial correlation, and Simple Linear Regression analyzes were used. Results: Results showed that varsity athletes reported significantly higher scores in the importance given to health sub-dimension and life satisfaction regarding group comparisons. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in mindfulness, healthy nutrition, health literacy, and health priority sub-dimensions. Regarding correlations, mindfulness, healthy life skills, and life satisfaction were correlated, and mindfulness significantly predicted healthy life skills and life satisfaction more for non-athlete students. Conclusion: This study showed that varsity athletes attach more importance to health and have higher life satisfaction than non-athletes. However, further research is still recommended.

Abstract 833 | PDF Downloads 370

References

1. Öz S. The effects of mindfulness training on students’ l2 speaking anxiety, willingness to communicate, level of mindfulness and l2 speaking performance. Bahçeşehir University Master Thesis 2017.
2. Germer CK. Mindfulness: what is it? what does it matter? In Germer CK, Siegel RD, Fulton PR (Eds.). Mindfulness and psychotherapy (pp. 3–27). New York: Guilford Press 2005.
3. Crane RS, Brewer J, Feldman C, et al. What defines mindfulness-based programs? The warp and the weft. Psychological Medicine 2017; 47: 990-999.
4. Guerra J, García-Gómez M, Turanzas J, et al. A brief Spanish version of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure (CAMM). A dispositional mindfulness measure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019; 16(8).
5. Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003; 84: 822-848; doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
6. Baer R, Smith GT, Hopkins J, et al. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment 2006; 13: 27–45.
7. Huber M, Green L, Jadad AR, et al. How should we define health? BMJ 2011; 343: 1-3; doi: 10.1136/bmj.d4163.
8. Pender NJ. Health promotion in nursing practice (3rd ed.). Connecticut: Appleton & Lange Stanford 1996.
9. Cha E, Braxter BJ, Crowe JM, et al. Understanding how overweight and obese emerging adults make lifestyle choices. Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2016; 31: 325-332.
10. Kelly SA, Melynk BM, Jacobson DL. Correlates among healthy lifestyle cognitive beliefs, healthy lifestyle choices, social support, and healthy behaviors in adolescents: implications for behavioral change strategies and future research. Journal of Pediatric Care 2011; 25(4): 216-223; doi: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2010.03.002.
11. Kabat-Zinn J. Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom ofyour body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York: Bantam Dell 1991.
12. Carlson LE, Speca M, Patel KD, et al. Mindfulness-based stress reduction in relation to quality of life, mood, symptoms of stress and levels of cortisol, dehydroepian-drosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and melatonin in breast and prostate cancer outpatients. Psych neuroendocrinology 2004; 29: 448–474.
13. Greeson JM. Mindfulness research update: 2008. Complementary Health Practice Review 2009; 14: 10–18; doi: 10.1177/1533210108329862
14. Gilbert D, Waltz J. Mindfulness and health behaviors. Mindfulness 2010; 1: 227–234; doi: 10.1007/s12671-010-0032-3
15. Malinauskas R. The associations among social support, stress, and life satisfaction as perceived by injured college athletes. Social Behavior and Personality 2010; 38: 741-752.
16. Howell AJ, Digdon NL, Buro K, et al. Relations among mindfulness, well-being, and sleep. Personality and Individual Differences 2008; 45: 773–777; doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2008.08.005
17. Jianfang T, Wu Y, Hongwei M, et al. Adolescents' core self-evaluations as mediators of the effect of mindfulness on life satisfaction. Social Behavior and Personality 2016; 44(7): 1115-1122; doi: 10.2224/sbp.2016.44.7.1115
18. Bajaj B, Pande N. Mediating role of resilience in the impact of mindfulness on life satisfaction and affect as indices of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences 2016; 93: 63-67; doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.005
19. Özyeşil Z, Arslan C, Kesici Ş, et al. Adaptation of the mindful attention awareness scale into Turkish. Education and Science 2011; 36(160).
20. Genç A, Karaman F. Üniversite öğrencilerinde sağlıklı yaşam becerileri ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 2019; 7: 656-669.
21. Diener E, Emmons RA, Larsen RJ, et al. The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment 1985; 49(1): 71-75.
22. Dağlı A, Baysal N. Yaşam doyumu ölçeğinin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2016; 15(59): 1250-1262.
23. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics (6 ed.). New York: Pearson 2012.
24. MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological methods 1996; 1(2).
25. Brown TA. Methodology in the social sciences. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (2nd ed.). The Guilford Press 2015.
26. Hooper D, Coughlan J, Mullen M. Structural equation modelling: guidelines for determining model fit. Articles 2, 2008
27. Harrington D. Confirmatory factor analysis. New York: Oxford University Press 2009.
28. Kline RB. Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. (4th ed.). The Guilford Press 2015
29. Wolanin AT, Gross MB. Mindfulness-and acceptance-based approaches with college student-athletes. In The mindfulness-informed educator (pp. 169-186). Routledge 2016.
30. Gross M, Moore MZ, Gardner FL, et al. An empirical examination comparing the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment approach and psychological skills training for the mental health and sport performance of female student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 2018; 16(4): 431-451; doi: 10.1080/1612197X.2016.1250802
31. Süel E, Şahin İ, Korkmaz C, et al. Comparison of nutritional knowledge and habits of basketball players in young men’s basketball group matches in Turkey and young sedentaries in the same age group. Journal of Human Sciences 2009; 6(2): 239-251.
32. Yıldırım İ, Yıldırım Y, Ersöz Y, et al. Egzersiz bağımlılığı, yeme tutum ve davranışları ilişkisi. CBÜ Bed Eğt Spor Bil Dergisi 2017; 12(1): 43-54.
33. Aktaş Üstün N, Üstün ÜD, Işık U, et al. Health belief regarding leisure time physical activity and nutritional attitude: are they related in athletic and sedentary university students. Progress in Nutrition 2020; 22: 156-160; doi: 10.23751/pn.v22i1-S.9810
34. Hossein G, Ali O, Iesa H, et al. Comparison of life satisfaction between the athlete and non-athlete students: the effect of gender. Woman & Study of Family 2009; 2(5): 87- 96.
35. Wilson, M. Differences in depression, anxiety, and life satisfaction between intercollegiate athletes, intramural participants, and non-athletes. Western Kentucky University Masters Theses & Specialist Projects 2016.
36. Kimberly C, Roberts MA, Danoff-Burg S. Mindfulness and health behaviors: is paying attention good for you? Journal of American College Health 2010; 59(3): 165-173; doi: 10.1080/07448481.2010.484452
37. Grinnell S, Greene G, Melanson K, et al. Anthropometric and behavioral measures related to mindfulness in college students. Journal of American College Health 2011; 59(6): 539-545; doi: 10.1080/07448481.2011.555932
38. Murphy MJ, Mermelstein LC, Edwards KM, et al. The benefits of dispositional mindfulness in physical health: a longitudinal study of female college students. Journal of American College Health 2012; 60(5): 341-348; doi: 10.1080/07448481.2011.629260
39. Kurtipek S, Güngör NB, Esentürk OK, et al. The mediating role of nutrition knowledge level in the effect of mindfulness on healthy nutrition obsession. Progress in Nutrition 2020; 22: 138-145; doi: 10.23751/pn.v22i1-S.9807
40. Bränström R, Duncan LG, Moskowitz JT. The association between dispositional mindfulness, psychological well-being, and perceived health in a Swedish population-based sample. British Journal of Health Psychology 2011; 16: 300–316; Doi: 10.1348/135910710X501683