Sistema facile (app per cellulare) per la segnalazione degli atti di violenza verso gli infermieri di Pronto Soccorso: uno studio multicentrico italiano.
Contenuto principale dell'articolo
Keywords
Abstract
Introduzione: gli infermieri, in particolare gli infermieri di pronto soccorso, sono tra gli operatori sanitari più esposti alla violenza sul luogo di lavoro. Sebbene i sistemi di segnalazione siano sempre più utilizzati, il fenomeno della sotto-segnalazione rimane elevato. Studi recenti suggeriscono che l'uso di sistemi semplici di segnalazione potrebbe facilitare la denuncia della violenza sul posto di lavoro.
Obiettivi: verificare se un sistema di segnalazione facile basato su un'app per smartphone può facilitare la segnalazione degli episodi di violenza e ridurre il fenomeno della sotto-segnalazione.
Metodi: venti dipartimenti di emergenza di cinque regioni italiane del Nord e del Centro Italia hanno partecipato a uno studio osservazionale, prospettico, multicentrico, per verificare se un sistema di segnalazione intuitivo basato su un'app può facilitare la segnalazione di episodi di violenza e ridurre la sottostima fenomeno.
Risultati: 189 infermieri di emergenza hanno testato per 180 giorni un nuovo sistema di segnalazione basato su un'app per cellulare. Il test t per campioni appaiati, sebbene con una differenza media bassa, mostra una differenza significativa nel cambiamento nella frequenza di segnalazione della violenza. I test correlazionali non hanno mostrato differenze significative nei sottogruppi divisi per caratteristiche demografiche e professionali. L'usabilità dell'app è stata considerata molto elevata.
Conclusioni: la semplificazione del sistema di segnalazione e l'acquisizione preliminare di dati sulle caratteristiche dell'ED e di ciascun infermiere possono far risparmiare tempo e facilitare la segnalazione, ma la sola tecnologia non è sufficiente per risolvere il problema della sotto-segnalazione.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Arnetz JE, Aranyos D, Ager J, Upfal M: Development and application of a population-based system for workplace violence surveillance in hospitals. Am J Ind Med 2011; 54: 925–934. doi:10.1002/ajim.20984
Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Ager J, et al: Using database reports to reduce workplace violence: Perceptions of hospital stakeholders. Work 2015; 51: 51-59. doi:10.3233/WOR-141887
Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Essenmacher L, et al: Understanding patient-to-worker violence in hospitals: a qualitative analysis of documented incident reports. J Adv Nurs 2015; 71: 338-348. doi:10.1111/jan.12494
Bambi S, Guazzini A, Piredda M, et al: Negative interactions among nurses: An explorative study on lateral violence and bullying in nursing work settings. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27: 749-757. doi:10.1111/jonm.12738
Bangor A, Kortum PT, Miller JT: An Empirical Evaluation of the System Usability Scale. Int J Hum-Comput Int, 2008: 574-594
Berlanda S, Pedrazza M, Fraizzoli M, de Cordova F: Addressing Risks of Violence against Healthcare Staff in Emergency Departments: The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Attachment Style. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 5430870. doi:10.1155/2019/5430870
Blando JD, O'Hagan E, Casteel C, et al: Impact of hospital security programmes and workplace aggression on nurse perceptions of safety. J Nurs Manag 2013; 21: 491-498. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01416.x
Brooke,J: SUS: A “quick and dirty” usability scale. In: Jordan PW, Thomas B, Weerdmeester BA, McClelland (eds.) Usability Evaluation in Industry pp. 189-- 194. Taylor & Francis, London, UK (1996)
Brophy T, Keith M, Hurley M. Assaulted and Unheard: Violence Against Healthcare Staff. New Solut 2018;27:581-606. doi:10.1177/1048291117732301
Campbell C, Burg M, Gammonley D: Measures for incident reporting of patient violence and aggression towards healthcare providers: A systematic review. Aggress Violent Behav 2015; 25: 314–322. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.09.014 [35](8)10
Cannavò M, Fusaro N, Colaiuda F, et al: Studio preliminare sulla presenza e la rilevanza della violenza nei confronti del personale sanitario dell’emergenza Clin Ter 2017; 168(2): e99-e112. doi:10.7417/CT.2017.1990
Copeland D, Henry M: Workplace Violence and Perception of Safety Among Emergency Department Staff Members: Experiences, Expectations, Tolerance, Reporting, and Recomandations. J Trauma Nur, 2017;24:65-77. doi:10.1009/JTN.0000000000000269
D'Ettorre G, Caroli A, Pellicani V, Ceccarelli G: Preliminary risk assessment of workplace violence in hospital emergency departments. Ann Ig 2020; 32: 99-108. doi:10.7416/ai.2020.2334
Erikson L, Williams-Evans S: Attitudes of emergency nurses regarding patient assaults. J Emerg Nurs 200; 26: 210-215. doi:10.1016/S0099-1767(00)90092-8
Escribano R, Beneit J, Luis Garcia J. Violence in the workplace: some critical issues looking at the health sector. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01283. doi:0.1016/j.heliyon.2019
Ferns T: Recording violent incidents in the emergency department. Nurs Stand 2012; 26: 40-48. doi:10.7748/ns2012.03.26.28.40.c8996 [8](14)16
Firenze A, Santangelo OE, Gianfredi V, et al: Violence on doctors. An observational study in Northern Italy. Med Lav 2020; 111: 46-53. doi:0.23749/mdl.v111i1.8795
Gillespie GL, Leming-Lee T: Chart It to Stop It: Failure Modes and Effect Analysis for the Reporting of Workplace Aggression. Nurs Clin North Am 2019; 54:21-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2018.10.004
Gillespie GL, Leming-Lee TS, Crutcher T, Mattei J: Chart It to Stop It: A Quality Improvement Study to Increase the Reporting of Workplace Aggression. J Nurs Care Qual 2016; 31: 254-261. doi:10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000172.
Griffiths P, Needleman J: Statistical significance testing and p-values: Defending the indefensible? A discussion paper and position statement. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 99: 103384. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.07.001
Hogarth K, Beattie J, Morphet J: Nurses' attitudes towards the reporting of violence in the emergency department. Australas Emerg Nurs J 2016; 19: 75-81. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2015.03.006
Hyland S, Watts J, Fry M: Rates of workplace aggression in the emergency department and nurses' perceptions of this challenging behaviour: A multimethod study. Australas Emerg Nurs J 2016; 19: 143-148. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2016.05.002
Kenned, M: Violence in emergency department: under reported, unconstrained and unconscionable. Med J Aust 2005;183:362-365. doi:0.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07084.x
Kowalenko T, Hauff S, Morder P, Smith B: Development of Data Collection Instrument for Violent Patient Encounters against Healthcare Workers. West J Emerg Med, 2012; 13: 429-433. doi:10.5811/westjem.2011.12.6795
Kvas A, Seljak J: Unreported workplace violence in nursing. Int Nurs Rev. 2014; 61: 344-351. doi:10.1111/inr.12106
Luciani M, Spedale V, Romanenghi M, et al: Violence towards nurses and factors affecting violence in hospital settings: an Italian cross-sectional study. Med Lav 2016; 107: 191-204
Luck L, Jackson D, Usher K: Innocent or culpable: meanings that emergency department nurses ascribe to individual acts of violence. J Clin Nurs 2008; 17: 1071-1078. doi:0.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01870.x
Magnavita N, Heponiemi T, Bevilacqua L, et al: Analisi della violenza contro i lavoratori della Sanità durante la sorveglianza sanitaria in un periodo di 8 anni [Analysis of violence against health care workers through medical surveillance at the workplace in a 8-yr period]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2011; 33: 274-277
Magnavita N, Heponiemi T: Violence towards health care workers in a Public Health Care Facility in Italy: a repeated cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2012; 12: 108. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-108 [da inserire]27
Marte M, Cappellano E, Sestili C, et al: Workplace violence towards healthcare workers: an observational study in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Rome. Med Lav 2019; 110: 130-141. doi:10.23749/mdl.v110i2.7807
McPhaul K, Lipscomb J: Workplace violence in health care: recognized but not regulated. Online J Issues Nurs 2004; 9: 7
Morphet J, Griffiths D, Beattie J, Innes K: Managers' experiences of prevention and management of workplace violence against health care staff: A descriptive exploratory study. J Nurs Manag 2019;27:781-791. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12761
Morphet J, Griffiths D, Innes K: The trouble with reporting and utilization of workplace violence data in health care. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27: 592-598. doi:10.1111/jonm.12717
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Violence: Occupational hazards in hospitals. Department of Health and Human Services, 2002–2101, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-101/pdfs/2002-101.pdf?xml:id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2002101 ; 2002 [last accessed 09.09.19]
Pich J, Hazelton M, Sundin D, Kable A: Patient-related violence at triage: A qualitative descriptive study. Int Emerg Nurs 2011; 19: 12-19. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2009.11.007
Pich J, Kable A, Hazelton M: Antecedents and precipitants of patient-related violence in the emergency department: Results from the Australian VENT Study (Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage). Australas Emerg Nurs J 2017; 20: 107-113. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2017.05.00
Pucciarelli G, Simeone S, Madonna G, Virgolesi M: L’uso degli smartphone nel personale infermieristico: una revisione narrativa della letteratura [Smartphone use in nursing population: a narrative review]. Prof Inferm. 2017; 70: 102-115. doi:10.7429/pi.2017.702102
Ramacciati N, Caldelli R, Becarelli R, et al: App per la segnalazione degli atti di violenza verso gli infermieri di pronto soccorso: risultati di uno studio multicentrico. 38° Congresso Nazionale Aniarti “Think Global Act Local” Bologna, 12-13 novembre 2019. Scenario 2019: 18-19
Ramacciati N, Caldelli R, Rasero L: User-friendly system (a smartphone app) for reporting violent incidents in the Emergency Department: a multicenter study. In Needham I, McKenna K, Frank O, Oud N. Sixth International Conference on Violence in the Health Sector. Advancing the delivery of positive practice. Dwingeloo: Kavanah, 2018: 414-417
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B, et al: Interventions to reduce the risk of violence toward emergency department staff: current approaches. Open Access Emer Med 2016; 8: 17-27. doi: 10.2147/OAEM.S69976
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B, et al: Violence towards emergency nurses: A narrative review of theories and frameworks. Int Emerg Nurs 2018; 39: 2-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2017.08.004
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B, Rasero L: Violence towards Emergency Nurses. The Italian National Survey 2016: A qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 81: 21-29. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.017
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B: Violence against nurses in the Triage Area: an Italian qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2015; 23: 274-280. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2015.02.004
Ramacciati N, Gili A, Mezzetti A, et al: Violence towards Emergency Nurses: The 2016 Italian National Survey-A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27: 792-805. doi: 10.111/jonm.12733
Ramacciati N, Lumini E, Proietti Righi M, et al: User-friendly system for reporting violent incidents in the Emergency Department: an Italian experience. In Needham I, McKenna K, Frank O, Oud N. Fift International Conference on Violence in the Health Sector. Broadening our view – responding together. Dwingeloo: Kavanah, 2016: 114-115
Richardson S, Grainger P, Ardagh M, Morrison R: Violence and aggression in the emergency department is under-reported and under-appreciated. N Z Med J 2018; 131: 50-58
Sato K, Wakabayashi T, Kiyoshi-Teo H, Fukahori H: Factors associated with nurses' reporting of patients' aggressive behavior: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2013; 50: 1368-1376. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.12.011
Spelten E, Thomas B, O'Meara PF, et al: Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed towards healthcare workers by patients and patient advocates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 4(4): CD012662. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012662.pub2
Stene J, Larson E, Levy M, Dohlman M: Workplace violence in the emergency department: giving staff the tools and support to report. Perm J 2015;19:e113-117. doi:10.7812/TPP/14-187
Taylor J, Rew L: A systematic review of the literature: workplace violence in the emergency department. J Clin Nurs 2011;20:1072-1085. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03342.x
Terzoni S, Ferrara P, Cornelli R, et al: Violence and unsafety in a major Italian hospital: experience and perceptions of health care workers. Med Lav 2015; 106: 403-411
University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center (UIIPRC). Workplace violence – A report to the nation. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa; 2001
Wassell J: Workplace violence intervention effectiveness: A systematic literature review. Safety Sci 2009; 47: 1049-1055
Wolf L, Delao A, Perhats C: Nothing changes, nobody cares: understanding the experience of emergency nurses physically or verbally assaulted while providing care. J Emerg Nurs 2014; 40: 305-310. doi:110.1016/j.jen.2013.11.006
Zhang L, Wang A, Xie X, et al:. Workplace violence against nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 72: 8-14. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.002
Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Ager J, et al: Using database reports to reduce workplace violence: Perceptions of hospital stakeholders. Work 2015; 51: 51-59. doi:10.3233/WOR-141887
Arnetz JE, Hamblin L, Essenmacher L, et al: Understanding patient-to-worker violence in hospitals: a qualitative analysis of documented incident reports. J Adv Nurs 2015; 71: 338-348. doi:10.1111/jan.12494
Bambi S, Guazzini A, Piredda M, et al: Negative interactions among nurses: An explorative study on lateral violence and bullying in nursing work settings. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27: 749-757. doi:10.1111/jonm.12738
Bangor A, Kortum PT, Miller JT: An Empirical Evaluation of the System Usability Scale. Int J Hum-Comput Int, 2008: 574-594
Berlanda S, Pedrazza M, Fraizzoli M, de Cordova F: Addressing Risks of Violence against Healthcare Staff in Emergency Departments: The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Attachment Style. Biomed Res Int. 2019; 2019: 5430870. doi:10.1155/2019/5430870
Blando JD, O'Hagan E, Casteel C, et al: Impact of hospital security programmes and workplace aggression on nurse perceptions of safety. J Nurs Manag 2013; 21: 491-498. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01416.x
Brooke,J: SUS: A “quick and dirty” usability scale. In: Jordan PW, Thomas B, Weerdmeester BA, McClelland (eds.) Usability Evaluation in Industry pp. 189-- 194. Taylor & Francis, London, UK (1996)
Brophy T, Keith M, Hurley M. Assaulted and Unheard: Violence Against Healthcare Staff. New Solut 2018;27:581-606. doi:10.1177/1048291117732301
Campbell C, Burg M, Gammonley D: Measures for incident reporting of patient violence and aggression towards healthcare providers: A systematic review. Aggress Violent Behav 2015; 25: 314–322. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2015.09.014 [35](8)10
Cannavò M, Fusaro N, Colaiuda F, et al: Studio preliminare sulla presenza e la rilevanza della violenza nei confronti del personale sanitario dell’emergenza Clin Ter 2017; 168(2): e99-e112. doi:10.7417/CT.2017.1990
Copeland D, Henry M: Workplace Violence and Perception of Safety Among Emergency Department Staff Members: Experiences, Expectations, Tolerance, Reporting, and Recomandations. J Trauma Nur, 2017;24:65-77. doi:10.1009/JTN.0000000000000269
D'Ettorre G, Caroli A, Pellicani V, Ceccarelli G: Preliminary risk assessment of workplace violence in hospital emergency departments. Ann Ig 2020; 32: 99-108. doi:10.7416/ai.2020.2334
Erikson L, Williams-Evans S: Attitudes of emergency nurses regarding patient assaults. J Emerg Nurs 200; 26: 210-215. doi:10.1016/S0099-1767(00)90092-8
Escribano R, Beneit J, Luis Garcia J. Violence in the workplace: some critical issues looking at the health sector. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01283. doi:0.1016/j.heliyon.2019
Ferns T: Recording violent incidents in the emergency department. Nurs Stand 2012; 26: 40-48. doi:10.7748/ns2012.03.26.28.40.c8996 [8](14)16
Firenze A, Santangelo OE, Gianfredi V, et al: Violence on doctors. An observational study in Northern Italy. Med Lav 2020; 111: 46-53. doi:0.23749/mdl.v111i1.8795
Gillespie GL, Leming-Lee T: Chart It to Stop It: Failure Modes and Effect Analysis for the Reporting of Workplace Aggression. Nurs Clin North Am 2019; 54:21-32. doi: 10.1016/j.cnur.2018.10.004
Gillespie GL, Leming-Lee TS, Crutcher T, Mattei J: Chart It to Stop It: A Quality Improvement Study to Increase the Reporting of Workplace Aggression. J Nurs Care Qual 2016; 31: 254-261. doi:10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000172.
Griffiths P, Needleman J: Statistical significance testing and p-values: Defending the indefensible? A discussion paper and position statement. Int J Nurs Stud 2019; 99: 103384. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2019.07.001
Hogarth K, Beattie J, Morphet J: Nurses' attitudes towards the reporting of violence in the emergency department. Australas Emerg Nurs J 2016; 19: 75-81. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2015.03.006
Hyland S, Watts J, Fry M: Rates of workplace aggression in the emergency department and nurses' perceptions of this challenging behaviour: A multimethod study. Australas Emerg Nurs J 2016; 19: 143-148. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2016.05.002
Kenned, M: Violence in emergency department: under reported, unconstrained and unconscionable. Med J Aust 2005;183:362-365. doi:0.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb07084.x
Kowalenko T, Hauff S, Morder P, Smith B: Development of Data Collection Instrument for Violent Patient Encounters against Healthcare Workers. West J Emerg Med, 2012; 13: 429-433. doi:10.5811/westjem.2011.12.6795
Kvas A, Seljak J: Unreported workplace violence in nursing. Int Nurs Rev. 2014; 61: 344-351. doi:10.1111/inr.12106
Luciani M, Spedale V, Romanenghi M, et al: Violence towards nurses and factors affecting violence in hospital settings: an Italian cross-sectional study. Med Lav 2016; 107: 191-204
Luck L, Jackson D, Usher K: Innocent or culpable: meanings that emergency department nurses ascribe to individual acts of violence. J Clin Nurs 2008; 17: 1071-1078. doi:0.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01870.x
Magnavita N, Heponiemi T, Bevilacqua L, et al: Analisi della violenza contro i lavoratori della Sanità durante la sorveglianza sanitaria in un periodo di 8 anni [Analysis of violence against health care workers through medical surveillance at the workplace in a 8-yr period]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2011; 33: 274-277
Magnavita N, Heponiemi T: Violence towards health care workers in a Public Health Care Facility in Italy: a repeated cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2012; 12: 108. doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-108 [da inserire]27
Marte M, Cappellano E, Sestili C, et al: Workplace violence towards healthcare workers: an observational study in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Rome. Med Lav 2019; 110: 130-141. doi:10.23749/mdl.v110i2.7807
McPhaul K, Lipscomb J: Workplace violence in health care: recognized but not regulated. Online J Issues Nurs 2004; 9: 7
Morphet J, Griffiths D, Beattie J, Innes K: Managers' experiences of prevention and management of workplace violence against health care staff: A descriptive exploratory study. J Nurs Manag 2019;27:781-791. doi: 10.1111/jonm.12761
Morphet J, Griffiths D, Innes K: The trouble with reporting and utilization of workplace violence data in health care. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27: 592-598. doi:10.1111/jonm.12717
National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. Violence: Occupational hazards in hospitals. Department of Health and Human Services, 2002–2101, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2002-101/pdfs/2002-101.pdf?xml:id=10.26616/NIOSHPUB2002101 ; 2002 [last accessed 09.09.19]
Pich J, Hazelton M, Sundin D, Kable A: Patient-related violence at triage: A qualitative descriptive study. Int Emerg Nurs 2011; 19: 12-19. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2009.11.007
Pich J, Kable A, Hazelton M: Antecedents and precipitants of patient-related violence in the emergency department: Results from the Australian VENT Study (Violence in Emergency Nursing and Triage). Australas Emerg Nurs J 2017; 20: 107-113. doi:10.1016/j.aenj.2017.05.00
Pucciarelli G, Simeone S, Madonna G, Virgolesi M: L’uso degli smartphone nel personale infermieristico: una revisione narrativa della letteratura [Smartphone use in nursing population: a narrative review]. Prof Inferm. 2017; 70: 102-115. doi:10.7429/pi.2017.702102
Ramacciati N, Caldelli R, Becarelli R, et al: App per la segnalazione degli atti di violenza verso gli infermieri di pronto soccorso: risultati di uno studio multicentrico. 38° Congresso Nazionale Aniarti “Think Global Act Local” Bologna, 12-13 novembre 2019. Scenario 2019: 18-19
Ramacciati N, Caldelli R, Rasero L: User-friendly system (a smartphone app) for reporting violent incidents in the Emergency Department: a multicenter study. In Needham I, McKenna K, Frank O, Oud N. Sixth International Conference on Violence in the Health Sector. Advancing the delivery of positive practice. Dwingeloo: Kavanah, 2018: 414-417
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B, et al: Interventions to reduce the risk of violence toward emergency department staff: current approaches. Open Access Emer Med 2016; 8: 17-27. doi: 10.2147/OAEM.S69976
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B, et al: Violence towards emergency nurses: A narrative review of theories and frameworks. Int Emerg Nurs 2018; 39: 2-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ienj.2017.08.004
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B, Rasero L: Violence towards Emergency Nurses. The Italian National Survey 2016: A qualitative study. Int J Nurs Stud 2018; 81: 21-29. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.01.017
Ramacciati N, Ceccagnoli A, Addey B: Violence against nurses in the Triage Area: an Italian qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2015; 23: 274-280. doi:10.1016/j.ienj.2015.02.004
Ramacciati N, Gili A, Mezzetti A, et al: Violence towards Emergency Nurses: The 2016 Italian National Survey-A cross-sectional study. J Nurs Manag 2019; 27: 792-805. doi: 10.111/jonm.12733
Ramacciati N, Lumini E, Proietti Righi M, et al: User-friendly system for reporting violent incidents in the Emergency Department: an Italian experience. In Needham I, McKenna K, Frank O, Oud N. Fift International Conference on Violence in the Health Sector. Broadening our view – responding together. Dwingeloo: Kavanah, 2016: 114-115
Richardson S, Grainger P, Ardagh M, Morrison R: Violence and aggression in the emergency department is under-reported and under-appreciated. N Z Med J 2018; 131: 50-58
Sato K, Wakabayashi T, Kiyoshi-Teo H, Fukahori H: Factors associated with nurses' reporting of patients' aggressive behavior: a cross-sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2013; 50: 1368-1376. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.12.011
Spelten E, Thomas B, O'Meara PF, et al: Organisational interventions for preventing and minimising aggression directed towards healthcare workers by patients and patient advocates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 4(4): CD012662. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012662.pub2
Stene J, Larson E, Levy M, Dohlman M: Workplace violence in the emergency department: giving staff the tools and support to report. Perm J 2015;19:e113-117. doi:10.7812/TPP/14-187
Taylor J, Rew L: A systematic review of the literature: workplace violence in the emergency department. J Clin Nurs 2011;20:1072-1085. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03342.x
Terzoni S, Ferrara P, Cornelli R, et al: Violence and unsafety in a major Italian hospital: experience and perceptions of health care workers. Med Lav 2015; 106: 403-411
University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center (UIIPRC). Workplace violence – A report to the nation. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa; 2001
Wassell J: Workplace violence intervention effectiveness: A systematic literature review. Safety Sci 2009; 47: 1049-1055
Wolf L, Delao A, Perhats C: Nothing changes, nobody cares: understanding the experience of emergency nurses physically or verbally assaulted while providing care. J Emerg Nurs 2014; 40: 305-310. doi:110.1016/j.jen.2013.11.006
Zhang L, Wang A, Xie X, et al:. Workplace violence against nurses: A cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 72: 8-14. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.04.002
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Ramacciati N, Guazzini A, Caldelli R, Rasero L. Sistema facile (app per cellulare) per la segnalazione degli atti di violenza verso gli infermieri di Pronto Soccorso: uno studio multicentrico italiano. Med Lav [Internet]. 2021 Feb. 23 [cited 2024 Aug. 17];112(1):68-81. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/9984
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Come citare
1.
Ramacciati N, Guazzini A, Caldelli R, Rasero L. Sistema facile (app per cellulare) per la segnalazione degli atti di violenza verso gli infermieri di Pronto Soccorso: uno studio multicentrico italiano. Med Lav [Internet]. 2021 Feb. 23 [cited 2024 Aug. 17];112(1):68-81. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/9984
