Evaluation of relationship of intuitive eating and eating awareness with body mass index and anthropometric measurements in adults
Main Article Content
Keywords
Keywords: Intuitive eating, eating awareness, body mass index
Abstract
Objective: This study was conducted to assess effects of intuitive eating and eating awareness on body mass index (BMI) and anthropometric measurements (nutritional habits, food choices and amount of consumption) in adults.
Material and method: This study was conducted with adult residents from Lefkoşa, North Cyprus Turkish Republic between September, 2020 and November, 2020. Overall, 386 subjects were recruited to the study, including 247 women and 139 men. The demographic characteristics were recorded using a data sheet and anthropometric measurements were performed in all subjects. The Intuitive Eating Scale-2 (IES-2) was used to assess level of intuitive eating behavior while the Eating Awareness Scale-30 (EAS-30) was used to assess eating awareness.
Findings: It was found that there were significant, negative correlations between IES-2 scores and body weight and BMI in female subjects (p<0.05). It was also detected that there were significant, negative correlations between IES-2 scores and body weight and BMI in the whole study population (p<0.05). The IES-2 scores were found as 3.62±0.54 in underweight subjects, 3.55±0.42 in normal subjects, 3.39±0.44 in overweight subjects and 3.27±0.40 in obese subjects. In our subjects, the body weight and BMI were decreased by increasing IES-2 scores. It was found that there was a significant difference in IES-2 total scores across BMI classes (p<0.05). In general, it was detected that there were significant, negative correlations between EAS-30 and body weight and BMI in our subjects (p<0.05). The body weight and BMI were decreased by increasing EAS-30 scores.
Conclusion: The increased intuitive eating and eating awareness are associated with low body mass index. It can be recommended to use intuitive eating and eating awareness approach to achieve or maintain ideal body weight.
References
2. Kerin JL, Webb HJ, Zimmer-Gembeck MJ. Intuitive, Mindful, Emotional, External and Regulatory Eating Behaviours and Beliefs: An Investigation of the Core Components. Appetite, 2019;132:139-146.
3. Leclerc J, Bonneville N, Auclair A, Bastien M, Leblanc ME, Poirier P. If Not Dieting, How to Lose Weight? Tips and Tricks for a Better Global and Cardiovascular Health. Postgraduate Medicine. 2015;127(2):173-185.
4. Tribole E, Resch E. Intuitive eating: A revoutionary program that works. 3rd edition. New York (NY).: St. Martin's Press; 2012. 368 p.
5. Camilleri G, Mejean C, Bellisle F, Andreeva VA, Sautron V, Hercberg S, et al. Cross-cultural validity of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2.Psychometric evaluation in a sample of the general French population. Appetite. 2015;84:34-42.
6. Tylka T. Development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of intuitive eating. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2006;53(2):226-40.
7. Denny KN, Loth K, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Intuitive Eating in Young Adults. Who is Doing it, and How is it Related to Disordered Eating Behaviors?. Appetite. 2013;60:13-19.
8. Smith T, Hawks SR. Intuitive Eating, Diet Composition, and The Meaning of Food in Healthy Weight Promotion. American Journal of Health Education. 2006;37(3):130-136.
9. Christoph M, Mason S, Winkler M, Hooper L, Neumark-Sztainer D. Longitudinal Associations of Intuitive Eating with Weight Status and Dietary Intake. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2018;50(7):117.
10. Paterson H, Treharne GJ, Horwath C, Haszard JJ, Herbison P, Hay-Smith EJC. Intuitive Eating and Gestational Weight Gain. Eating Behaviors. 2019;34:1-5.
11. Köse G, Tayfur M, Birincioğlu İ, Dönmez A. Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması. Bilişsel Davranışçı Psikoterapi ve Araştırmalar Dergisi. 2016;3:125-134.
12. Çolak H, Aktaç Ş. Ağırlık Yönetimine Yeni Bir Yaklaşım: Yeme Farkındalığı. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2019;3(3):212-222.
13. Dunn C, Haubenreiser M, Johnson M, Nordby K, Aggarwal S, Myer S, Thomas C. Mindfulness Approaches and Weight Loss, Weight Maintenance, and Weight Regain. Current Obesity Reports. 2018;7:37-49.
14. Jordan CH, Wang W, Donatoni L, Meier BP. Mindful Eating: Trait and State Mindfulness Predict Healthier Eating Behavior. Personality and Individual Differences. 2014;68:107-111.
15. Baş M. Karaca KE, Sağlam D, Arıtıcı G, Cengiz E, Köksal S, Büyükkaragöz AH. Turkish Version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2: Validity and Reliability Among University Students. Appetite. 2017;114:391-397.
16. Bakıner E. Turkish Adaptation of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 [yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul (Türkiye): İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü; 2017.
17. Mazıcıoğlu MM. Büyüme gelişme izleminde kullanılan antropometrik ölçüm yöntemleri: Büyüme takibinin metodolojisi. Türk Aile Hek Derg. 2011;15(3):101-108.
18. World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. Body mass index-BMI. [accessed 2022 Jun 15]. http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/diseaseprevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi).
19. Dişçi R. Temel ve Klinik Biyoistatistik. 4. Baskı. İstanbul Tıp Kitapevleri; 2019. 313p.
20. Türkiye Beslenme ve Sağlık Araştırması (TBSA) 2017. Ankara, Türkiye: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü; 2019. Yayın No:1132.
21. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberi (TÜBER) 2015. Ankara, Türkiye: T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı; 2016. Yayın No:1031.
22. Şarahman C, Akçil Ok M. Erişkin Bireylerin Hedonik Açlık Durumları ile Aşırı Besin İsteği, Dürtüsellik ve Benlik Saygısı Durumları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies. 2019;2(2):71-82.
23. Camilleri GM, Mejean C, Bellisle F, Andreeva VA, Sautron V, Hercberg S, Peneau S. Cross-Cultural Validity of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2. Psychometric Evaluation in a Sample of the General French Population. Appetite. 2014;84:6-14.
24. Kuseyri G. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Yeme Farkındalığı ve Sezgisel Yeme Davranışının Beslenme Durumu Üzerine Etkisi [yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara (Türkiye): Başkent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2020.
25. Smith T, Hawks SR. Intuitive Eating, Diet Composition, and The Meaning of Food in Healthy Weight Promotion. American Journal of Health Education. 2006;37(3):130-136.
26. Ruzanska UA, Warschburger P. Psychometric Evaluation of the German Version of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 in a Community Sample. Appetite. 2017;117:126-134.
27. Herbert BM, Blechert J, Hautzinger M, Matthias E, Herbert C. Intuitive Eating is Associated with Interoceptive Sensitivity. Effects on Body Mass Index. Appetite. 2013;70:22-30.
28. Camilleri GM, Mejean C, Bellisle F, Andreeva VA, Kesse-Guyor E, Hercberg S, Peneau S. Intuitive Eating is Inversely Associated with Body Weight Status in the General Population-Based NutriNet-Sante Study. Obesity. 2016;24(5):1154-1161.
29. Van Dyke N, Drinkwater EJ. Relationships Between Intuitive Eating and Health Indicators: Literature Review. Public Health Nutrition. 2013;17(8):1757-1766.
30. Özkan N. Yetişkin Bireylerde Sezgisel Yeme ve Yeme Farkındalığının Beslenme Durumu ile İlişkisi [yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara (Türkiye): T.C. Gazi Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2018.
31. Keirns NG, Hawkins MAW. The Relationship Between Intuitive Eating Body Image is Moderated by Measured Body Mass Index. Eating Behaviors. 2019;33:91-96.
32. Duarte C, Gouveia JP, Mendes A. Psychometric Properties of the Intuitive Eating Scale-2 and Association with Binge Eating Symptoms in a Portuguese Community Sample. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Theraphy. 2016;16(3):329-341.
33. Horwath C, Hagmann D, Hartmann C. Intuitive Eating and Food Intake in Men and Women: Results from the Swiss Food Panel Study. Appetite. 2018;1-42.
34. Camilleri GM, Mejean C, Bellisle F, Andreeva VA, Kesse-Guyor E, Hercberg S, Peneau S. Intuitive Eating is Inversely Associated with Body Weight Status in the General Population-Based NutriNet-Sante Study. Obesity. 2016;24(5):1154-1161.
35. Köse G, Çıplak ME. Does Mindful Eating Have a Relationship with Gender, Body Mass Index and Health Promoting Lifestyle?. Progress in Nutrition. 2019;22(2):1-8.
36. Sayın FK, Kuşdemir S, Büyüksütçü G, Çetinkaya SM, Seyfi S, Zeren E. Tip 2 Diyabetli Obez Bireylerin Yeme Farkındalığı Düzeyleri ile Metabolik Parametreleri Arasındaki İlişki. Türk Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi. 2019;3(2):93-98.
37. Framson C, Kristal AR, Schenk JM, Littman AJ, Zeliadt S, Benitez D. Development and Validation of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2009;109(8):1439-1444.
38. Moor KR, Scoot AJ, McIntosh WD. Mindful Eating and Its Relationship to Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Among University Students. Mindfulness. 2013;4:269-274.
39. Pintado Cucarella S, Rodriguez-Salgando P. Mindful Eating and Its Relationship with Body Mass Index, Binge Eating, Anxiety and Negative Affect. Journal of Behavior, Health & Social Issues. 2016;8(2):19-24.
Article Sidebar
Article Details
How to Cite
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers.
Authors retain the copyright for their published work. No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
