Alto strain e basso supporto sociale come fattori di rischio per la violenza da parte di pazienti e famigliari tra i lavoratori del settore sanitario Job stress factors and third party violence
Contenuto principale dell'articolo
Keywords
Violenza al lavoro; strain da lavoro; scarso supporto sociale; modello domanda-controllo; lavoratori del settore sanitario
Abstract
Introduzione: I lavoratori del settore sanitario sono particolarmente a rischio di subire violenza da parte di soggetti esterni all’organizzazione, in particolare pazienti e loro famigliari. Lo stress da lavoro, minacciando l’equilibrio psicologico dei lavoratori sanitari e rendendoli meno efficaci nel gestire la relazione con i pazienti e i loro famigliari, può agire da fattore di rischio.Obiettivi: Indagare se le situazioni psicosociali definite dal modello Domanda-Controllo e dal grado di supporto sociale ricevuto al lavoro – situazioni che alimentano lo stress da lavoro – agiscono da fattori di rischio per la violenza subita dai lavoratori sanitari da parte di pazienti e loro famigliari. Più nello specifico abbiamo esplorato se situazioni ‘attive’ o ‘passive’ e in particolare ad ‘alto strain’ fungono da fattori di rischio rispetto a situazioni a ‘basso strain’. Abbiamo anche esplorato il rischio associato a minori risorse di supporto sociale al lavoro. Metodi: Studio trasversale su 633 lavoratori del settore socio-sanitario appartenenti a diverse strutture del centro e nord-Italia. Risultati: Le regressioni logistiche, che includevano covariate rilevanti, hanno evidenziato che, rispetto a situazioni a basso strain, una situazione attiva o passiva era associata ad un rischio più elevato di violenza. Il rischio maggiore di violenza era tuttavia associato, così come ipotizzato, alle situazioni ad alto strain. Il supporto sociale agiva da fattore protettivo. Conclusione: Lo stress da lavoro può rendere i lavoratori del settore sanitario più vulnerabili alla violenza dai pazienti e dai loro famigliari. Assicurare buone condizioni psicosociali di lavoro può contribuire alla prevenzione della violenza e delle sue conseguenze.
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