La gestione dei rischi psicosociali sul lavoro: stato dell’arte e prospettive future
Contenuto principale dell'articolo
Keywords
Rischi psicosociali, Gestione del rischio, Normativa, Stress lavoro correlato
Abstract
Introduzione: La gestione dei rischi psicosociali rappresenta una sfida attuale nel campo della salute e sicurezza sul lavoro (SSL), in considerazione degli impatti dello stress al lavoro e dei rapidi cambiamenti nel mondo del lavoro. La gestione efficace dei rischi psicosociali richiede l’applicazione di un modello integrato e multidisciplinare, basato sul paradigma della gestione del rischio. Nel corso del tempo, la Medicina del Lavoro ha svolto un ruolo importante a livello nazionale in quest’ambito, contribuendo alla creazione di un approccio integrato e partecipativo. Obiettivi: Questo contributo esplora il processo di sviluppo nel tempo della gestione dei rischi psicosociali in Europa e Italia, per offrire un aggiornamento sullo stato dell’arte a livello nazionale e approfondimenti sulle prospettive. Metodi: Attraverso una riflessione sugli sviluppi della ricerca, in Europa e in Italia, viene delineato come le conoscenze ottenute si siano tradotte sul piano normativo in politiche, che hanno favorito l’implementazione a livello internazionale e nazionale di pratiche consolidate per la gestione dei rischi psicosociali. Risultati: Viene presentata una panoramica di alcuni passaggi chiave del percorso di inclusione degli aspetti di natura psicosociale nell’ambito della tutela della SSL, mettendo in luce l’impatto positivo dell’approccio multidisciplinare. Viene inoltre evidenziato il ruolo trainante svolto a livello normativo per l’implementazione nella pratica organizzativa, con particolare riferimento all’esempio italiano. Discussione: A partire dal consolidamento delle conoscenze esistenti, si rivela necessario affrontare i rischi emergenti continuando a tradurre le conoscenze ottenute dall’attività di ricerca in politiche che abbiano un ruolo trainante nella identificazione e implementazione di azioni e strumenti pratici.
Riferimenti bibliografici
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28. INAIL: Indagine nazionale sulla salute e sicurezza sul lavoro. Lavoratori e datori di lavoro. Milano: Tipolitografia INAIL, 2014.
29. INAIL. (2016). Piano di monitoraggio e d'intervento per l'ottimizzazione della valutazione e gestione dello stress lavoro-correlato. In Uno Sguardo ai Principali Risultati; Tipografia INAIL: Milano. Available online at: https://www.inail.it/cs/internet/docs/all_opuscolo_stress_lavoro_correlato.pdf
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34. Leka S, Jain A, Iavicoli S, Di Tecco C. An Evaluation of the Policy Context on Psychosocial Risks and Mental Health in the Workplace in the European Union: Achievements, Challenges, and the Future. BioMed Research International; 2015, Article ID 213089. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/213089.
35. Leka S, Jain A, Iavicoli S, Vartia M, Ertel M. The role of policy for the management of psychosocial risks at the workplace in the European Union. Safety Science. 2019: 49 (4): 558-564.
36. Marinaccio A, Ferrante P, Corfiati, M et al. The relevance of socio-demographic and occupational variables for the assessment of work-related stress risk. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13 (1157). Doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1157.
37. Nielsen K, Randall R, Holten AL. et al. Conducting organizational-level occupational health interventions: What works? Work & Stress. 2010; 24(3):234-59.
38. Persechino B, Valenti A, Ronchetti M, Rondinone BM, Di Tecco C, Vitali S, Iavicoli S. Work related stress risk assessment in Italy: A methodological proposal adapted to regulatory guidelines. Saf. Health Work. 2013; 4: 95–99. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2013.05.002.
39. Persechino B, Valenti A, Ronchetti M, Iavicoli S. La legislazione italiana in tema di stress lavoro–correlato. Quaderni di Medicina del Lavoro Ergonomia e Terapia Occupazionale. 2015; 4: 23-30.
40. Rondinone BM, Persechino B, Castaldi T, Valenti A, Ferrante P, Ronchetti M, Iavicoli S. Work-related stress risk assessment in Italy: The validation study of Health Safety and Executive Indicator Tool. G. Ital. Med. Lav. Ergon. 2012; 34: 392–399.
41. Schulte PA, Delclos G, Felknor SA, Chosewood LC. Toward an expanded focus for Occupational Safety and Health: A Commentary. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019; 16 (4946):1–17. doi:10.3390/ijerph16244946.
42. Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low–reward conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2016; 1: 27-41. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.27.
43. Wood S, Ghezzi V, Barbaranelli C, Di Tecco C, Fida R, Farnese ML, Ronchetti M, Iavicoli S. Assessing the risk of stress in organizations: Getting the measure of organizational level stressors. Front. Psychol. 2019; 10 (2776):1–18. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02776.
2. Avallone F, Bonaretti M: Benessere Organizzativo. Per migliorare la qualità del lavoro nelle pubbliche amministrazioni. Roma: Rubbettino Editore, 2003.
3. Barbaranelli C, Ghezzi V, Di Tecco C, Ronchetti M, Fida R, Ghelli M, Persechino B, Iavicoli S. Assessing objective and verifiable indicators associated with work-related stress: Validation of a structured checklist for the assessment and management of work-related stress. Front. Psychol. 2018; 9(2424):1–16, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02424.
4. Bonafede M, Corfiati M, Gagliardi D, Boccuni F, Ronchetti M, Valenti A, Marinaccio A, Iavicoli S. OHS management and employers’ perception: differences by firm size in a large Italian company survey. Safety Science. 2016; 89: 11-18.
5. Cesana C, Albini E, Bagnara S, Benedetti L, Bergamaschi A, Camerino D. (2006). Valutazione, prevenzione e correzione degli effetti nocivi dello stress da lavoro. Documento di consenso SIMLII. Pavia: Pime Editrice. Available online at http://www.unipd-org.it/rls/Lineeguida/Stress/LineeguidaSIMLIIRischioStress.pdf.
6. Coordinamento tecnico interregionale della prevenzione nei luoghi di lavoro. (2010). Decreto legislativo 81/2008 e s.m.i. Valutazione e gestione del rischio da stress lavoro-correlato. Guida operativa. Available online at:http://www.regione.veneto.it/NR/rdonlyres/78E538AD-F051-44C0-8C75-D2C3325FED74/0/Regioni_stress.pdf
7. Cox T: Stress. London: Macmillan.Karasek, 1979.
8. Cox T. (1993). Stress research and stress management: Putting theory to work. Health and Safety Executive Report. Available online at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/research/crr_pdf/1993/crr93061.pdf.
9. Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB. The job demands-resources model of burnout. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2001; 86(3): 400-512. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499.
10. Di Tecco C, Nielsen K, Ghelli M, Ronchetti M, Marzocchi I, Persechino B, Iavicoli S. Improving Working Conditions and Job Satisfaction in Healthcare: A Study Concept Design on a Participatory Organizational Level Intervention in Psychosocial Risks Management. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020; 17(10):3677. doi:10.3390/ijerph17103677.
11. Di Tecco C, Ronchetti M, Ghelli M, Russo S, Persechino B, Iavicoli S. Do Italian companies manage work-related stress effectively? A process evaluation in implementing the INAIL methodology. BioMed Research International. 2015; article ID 197156. doi:10.1155/2015/197156.
12. Di Tecco C, Jain A, Valenti A, Iavicoli S, Leka S. An evaluation of the impact of a policy-level intervention to address psychosocial risks on organisational action in Italy. Safety Science. 2017; 100 (A): pp. 103-109. doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2017.05.015
13. Ertel M, Stilijanow U, Iavicoli S, Natali E, Jain A, Leka S. European social dialogue on psychosocial risks at work: Benefits and challenges. European Journal of Industrial Relations. 2010; 16(2): 169-183.
14. European Agency for Safety & Health at Work. (2000). Research on work-related stress. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available online at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/report-research-work-related-stress.
15. European Agency for Safety & Health at Work. (2010). European survey of enterprises on new and emerging risks: Managing safety and health at work. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. Available online at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/european-survey-enterprises-new-and-emerging-risks-managing-safety-and-health-work/view.
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17. European Agency for Safety & Health at Work. (2018). Executive Summary - Management of psychosocial risks in European workplaces: evidence from the Second European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks (ESENER-2). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available online at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/management-psychosocial-risks-european-workplaces-evidence-second-european-survey/view.
18. European Agency for Safety & Health at Work. (2020). ESENER 2019 Policy brief. Publications Office of the European Union. Available online at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/publications/esener-2019-policy-brief/view.
19. European Commission. (2011). Report on the implementation of the European social partners - Framework Agreement on Work-related Stress. SEC (2011) 241 final, Commission staff working paper, Brussels. Available online at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/docs_autres_institutions/commission_europeenne/sec/2011/0241/COM_SEC(2011)0241_EN.pdf
20. European Commission. (2014). Interpretative document on the implementation of Council Directive 89/391/EEC in relation to mental health in the workplace. Available online at: https://osha.europa.eu/en/legislation/guidelines/interpretative-document-implementation-council-directive-89391eec-relation
21. European Commission. (2016). Study on the implementation of the autonomous framework agreement on harassment and violence at work. Final report. European Commission. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available online at: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/09cef40c-0954-11e7-8a35-01aa75ed71a1/language-en.
22. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. (2015). 6th European working conditions survey. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union. Available online at: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/report/2016/working-conditions/sixth-european-working-conditions-survey-overview-report
23. Grieco A, Bertazzi PA: Per una storiografia italiana della prevenzione occupazionale e ambientale. Franco Angeli, 1997.
24. Health and Safety Executive. (2004). Psychosocial Working Conditions in Great Britain in 2004. UK: HSE. 2004 https://www.hse.gov.uk/statistics/causdis/pwc2004.pdf
25. Iavicoli S, Deitinger P, Grandi C, Lupoli M, Pera A, Petyx M: Stress at work in enlarging Europe. Rome: WHO Collaborating Centre Series, ISPESL, 2004.
26. Iavicoli S, Leka S, Nielsen K. Promoting Occupational Health Psychology through professional bodies: The role of the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology. Work & Stress. 2020; 34(3): 215-218. doi: 10.1080/02678373.2020.1774939.
27. INAIL: Valutazione e Gestione del Rischio da Stress Lavoro-Correlato. Manuale ad uso Delle Aziende in Attuazione del D.Lgs. 81/08 e s.m.i. Milan: Tipolitografia INAIL, 2010.
28. INAIL: Indagine nazionale sulla salute e sicurezza sul lavoro. Lavoratori e datori di lavoro. Milano: Tipolitografia INAIL, 2014.
29. INAIL. (2016). Piano di monitoraggio e d'intervento per l'ottimizzazione della valutazione e gestione dello stress lavoro-correlato. In Uno Sguardo ai Principali Risultati; Tipografia INAIL: Milano. Available online at: https://www.inail.it/cs/internet/docs/all_opuscolo_stress_lavoro_correlato.pdf
30. INAIL: La metodologia per la valutazione e gestione del rischio stress lavoro-correlato: Manuale ad uso delle aziende in attuazione del d.lgs. 81/2008 e s.m.i. Milano: Tipolitografia, INAIL, 2017.
31. ISPESL: Valutazione dello stress lavoro correlato. Proposta metodologica. Roma: ISPESL, 2010.
32. Leka S, Cox, T. (2008). PRIMA-EF: Guidance on the European Framework for psychosocial risk management: A resource for employers and worker representatives. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008. Available online at: https://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/PRIMA-EF%20Guidance_9.pdf.
33. Leka S, Jain A. (2010). Health Impact of Psychosocial Hazards at Work: An Overview. Geneva: World Health Organization. Available online at: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/44428.
34. Leka S, Jain A, Iavicoli S, Di Tecco C. An Evaluation of the Policy Context on Psychosocial Risks and Mental Health in the Workplace in the European Union: Achievements, Challenges, and the Future. BioMed Research International; 2015, Article ID 213089. Available online at: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/213089.
35. Leka S, Jain A, Iavicoli S, Vartia M, Ertel M. The role of policy for the management of psychosocial risks at the workplace in the European Union. Safety Science. 2019: 49 (4): 558-564.
36. Marinaccio A, Ferrante P, Corfiati, M et al. The relevance of socio-demographic and occupational variables for the assessment of work-related stress risk. BMC Public Health. 2013; 13 (1157). Doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-1157.
37. Nielsen K, Randall R, Holten AL. et al. Conducting organizational-level occupational health interventions: What works? Work & Stress. 2010; 24(3):234-59.
38. Persechino B, Valenti A, Ronchetti M, Rondinone BM, Di Tecco C, Vitali S, Iavicoli S. Work related stress risk assessment in Italy: A methodological proposal adapted to regulatory guidelines. Saf. Health Work. 2013; 4: 95–99. doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2013.05.002.
39. Persechino B, Valenti A, Ronchetti M, Iavicoli S. La legislazione italiana in tema di stress lavoro–correlato. Quaderni di Medicina del Lavoro Ergonomia e Terapia Occupazionale. 2015; 4: 23-30.
40. Rondinone BM, Persechino B, Castaldi T, Valenti A, Ferrante P, Ronchetti M, Iavicoli S. Work-related stress risk assessment in Italy: The validation study of Health Safety and Executive Indicator Tool. G. Ital. Med. Lav. Ergon. 2012; 34: 392–399.
41. Schulte PA, Delclos G, Felknor SA, Chosewood LC. Toward an expanded focus for Occupational Safety and Health: A Commentary. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2019; 16 (4946):1–17. doi:10.3390/ijerph16244946.
42. Siegrist J. Adverse health effects of high-effort/low–reward conditions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology. 2016; 1: 27-41. doi: 10.1037/1076-8998.1.1.27.
43. Wood S, Ghezzi V, Barbaranelli C, Di Tecco C, Fida R, Farnese ML, Ronchetti M, Iavicoli S. Assessing the risk of stress in organizations: Getting the measure of organizational level stressors. Front. Psychol. 2019; 10 (2776):1–18. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02776.
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Oct 31, 2020
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Iavicoli S, Di Tecco C. La gestione dei rischi psicosociali sul lavoro: stato dell’arte e prospettive future. Med Lav [Internet]. 2020 Oct. 31 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];111(5):335-50. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/10679
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Come citare
1.
Iavicoli S, Di Tecco C. La gestione dei rischi psicosociali sul lavoro: stato dell’arte e prospettive future. Med Lav [Internet]. 2020 Oct. 31 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];111(5):335-50. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/10679
