Postpartum evaluation of the role of maternal characteristics and mode of delivery on maternal attachment, anxiety and depression; a study conducted in Turkey’ : Maternal Anxiety and Depression Parameters in Turkey

Nura Fitnat Topbas Selcuki; Pinar Yalcin Bahat; Gokce Turan; Umut Aksoy; Kubra Bagci; Ismail  Ozdemir

doi:10.23750/abm.v93i1.12137

Postpartum evaluation of the role of maternal characteristics and mode of delivery on maternal attachment, anxiety and depression; a study conducted in Turkey’

Maternal Anxiety and Depression Parameters in Turkey

Authors

Nura Fitnat Topbas Selcuki a:1:{s:5:"en_US";s:98:"University of Health Sciences Turkey, Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital";}
Pinar Yalcin Bahat University of Health Sciences Turkey, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital
Gokce Turan Gazi University Medical Faculty
Umut Aksoy
Kubra Bagci Acibadem Bodrum Medical Center
Ismail Ozdemir University of Health Sciences Turkey Istanbul Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital

DOI: https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v93i1.12137

Keywords:

Mother-infant bonding, mode of delivery, postpartum depression, postpartum anxiety, maternal attachment inventory, Edinburgh postnatal depression scale, postpartum specific anxiety scale

Abstract

Background and aim: The primary aim of this study was to compare mother-infant bonding (MIB) in patients who delivered vaginally and who delivered with C/S using Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) in the Turkish population. Secondary aim was to evaluate the correlations between the MAI, EPDS and PSAS scores and their association with sociodemographic data.

Methods: A total of 200 patients were divided into two groups. 100 women who delivered vaginally were included in the vaginal delivery (NVD) group and 100 who delivered with cesarean section were included in the C/S group. The demographic data of the subjects including age, gravidity, and parity, were recorded and a detailed anamnesis was taken at the day of hospitalization for delivery. In addition, newborns’ genders were taken into evaluation. All patients were asked to complete MAI, EPDS and PSAS at the 3^rd month postpartum control.

Results: PSAS score in the NVD group was calculated to be 68.9 ± 9.0, which was significantly higher than C/S group 65.0 ± 9.6 (p = 0.005). However, MAI and EPDS scores in both groups were calculated to be similar (p = 0.833 and p = 0.260, respectively). A significant negative correlation was observed between age and MAI (r = -0.180, p = 0.011) and between number of children and MAI (r = -0.140, p = 0.048).

Conclusions: According to the results of this study which was conducted using a Turkish cohort maternal age at delivery and number of children at home are the factors which had an effect on MIB. On the other hand, mode of delivery did not play a role on MIB among this study population. However, multicenter studies with larger number of subjects are needed to make a general conclusion regarding the Turkish population.

References

Nolvi S, Karlsson L, Bridgett DJ, Pajulo M, Tolvanen M, Karlsson H. Maternal postnatal psychiatric symptoms and infant temperament affect early mother-infant bonding. Infant Behav Dev. 2016 May;43:13–23.

Nath S, Pearson RM, Moran P, Pawlby S, Molyneaux E, Howard LM. Maternal personality traits, antenatal depressive symptoms and the postpartum mother-infant relationship: a prospective observational study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2020 May;55(5):621–34.

Bicking Kinsey C, Baptiste-Roberts K, Zhu J, Kjerulff KH. Effect of miscarriage history on maternal-infant bonding during the first year postpartum in the First Baby Study: a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Women’s Health. 2014 Jul 15;14(1):83.

Garcia-Esteve L, Torres A, Lasheras G, Palacios-Hernández B, Farré-Sender B, Subirà S, et al. Assessment of psychometric properties of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) in Spanish mothers. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016 Apr;19(2):385–94.

Tolja R, Nakić Radoš S, Anđelinović M. The role of maternal mental health, infant temperament, and couple’s relationship quality for mother-infant bonding. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2020 Sep;38(4):395–407.

Farré-Sender B, Torres A, Gelabert E, Andrés S, Roca A, Lasheras G, et al. Mother-infant bonding in the postpartum period: assessment of the impact of pre-delivery factors in a clinical sample. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2018 Jun;21(3):287–97.

Ali E. Women’s experiences with postpartum anxiety disorders: a narrative literature review. Int J Womens Health. 2018 May 29;10:237–49.

Hopkins J, Miller JL, Butler K, Gibson L, Hedrick L, Boyle DA. The relation between social support, anxiety and distress symptoms and maternal fetal attachment. J Reprod Infant Psychol. 2018 Sep;36(4):381–92.

Kerstis B, Aarts C, Tillman C, Persson H, Engström G, Edlund B, et al. Association between parental depressive symptoms and impaired bonding with the infant. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016 Feb;19(1):87–94.

Herguner S, Cicek E, Annagur A, Herguner A, Ors R. Association of Delivery Type with Postpartum Depression, Perceived Social Support and Maternal Attachment. Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences. 2014;27(1):15.

Cetisli NE, Arkan G, Top ED. Maternal attachment and breastfeeding behaviors according to type of delivery in the immediate postpartum period. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2018 Feb;64(2):164–9.

Müller ME. A questionnaire to measure mother-to-infant attachment. J Nurs Meas. 1994;2(2):129–41.

Kavlak O, Şirin A. The Turkish version of Maternal Attachment Inventory. Journal of Human Sciences. 2009 Jan 25;6(1):188–202.

Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782–6.

Aydin N, Inandi T, Yigit A, Hodoglugil NNS. Validation of the Turkish version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale among women within their first postpartum year. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2004 Jun;39(6):483–6.

Fallon V, Halford JCG, Bennett KM, Harrold JA. The Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale: development and preliminary validation. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2016 Dec;19(6):1079–90.

Duran S. Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS): Reliability and validity of the Turkish version. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2020;56(1):95–101.

Nitahara K, Hidaka N, Sakai A, Kido S, Kato K. The impact of general anesthesia on mother-infant bonding for puerperants who undergo emergency cesarean deliveries. J Perinat Med. 2020 Jun 25;48(5):463–70.

Molloy E, Biggerstaff DL, Sidebotham P. A phenomenological exploration of parenting after birth trauma: Mothers perceptions of the first year. Women Birth. 2021 May;34(3):278–87.

Maia GN, Frizzo GB, Levandowski DC. Psychofunctional symptoms in infants of young mothers: Association with maternal mental health and parental bonding. Early Hum Dev. 2020 Feb;141:104938.

Rossen L, Hutchinson D, Wilson J, Burns L, Allsop S, Elliott EJ, et al. Maternal Bonding through Pregnancy and Postnatal: Findings from an Australian Longitudinal Study. Am J Perinatol. 2017 Jul;34(8):808–17.