Cigarette smoking and male sex are independent and age concomitant risk factors for the development of ocular sarcoidosis in a New Orleans sarcoidosis population

Cigarette smoking and male sex are independent and age concomitant risk factors for the development of ocular sarcoidosis in a New Orleans sarcoidosis population

Authors

  • Adam C. Janot Virginia Commonwealth University –School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology, Richmond, Virginia;
  • Dörte Huscher Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Berlin, Germany; German Rheumatism Research Centre, Berlin, Germany
  • McCall Walker 5LSUHSC-NO School of Medicine
  • Harmonjot K. Grewal Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), Department of Internal Medicine
  • Mary Yu Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), Department of Internal Medicine
  • Matthew R. Lammi LSUHSC-NO Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center LSUHSC-NO Section of Pulmonary Medicine LSUHSC-NO Section of Rheumatology
  • Lesley Ann Saketkoo LSUHSC-NO Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center LSUHSC-NO Section of Pulmonary Medicine

Keywords:

sarcoidosis, eye, extra-pulmonary, ocular, uveitis, smoking, tobacco, gender risk, sex

Abstract

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a multi-organ system granulomatous disease of unknown origin with an incidence of 1-40/100,000. Though pulmonary manifestations are predominant, ocular sarcoidosis (OS) affects 25-50% of patients with sarcoidosis and can lead to blindness. Methods: A retrospective, single-center chart review of sarcoidosis cases investigated variables associated with the development of OS. Inclusion criteria were biopsy-proven sarcoidosis, disease duration greater than 1 year, documented smoking status on chart review and documentation of sarcoid-related eye disease. Multivariate analysis identified independent risk factors for OS. Results: Of 269 charts reviewed, 109 patients met inclusion criteria. The OS group had a significantly higher proportion of smokers (71.4%) than without OS (42.0%, p=0.027) with no difference (p=0.61) in median number of pack years. Male sex was significantly higher in the OS group (57.1% versus 26.1%, p=0.009). Median duration of sarcoidosis was higher in the OS group (10 versus 4 years, p=0.031). Multivariate regression identified tobacco exposure (OR=5.25, p=0.007, 95% CI 1.58-17.41), male sex (OR=7.48, p=0.002, 95% CI 2.15-26.01), and age (OR=1.114, p=0.002, 95% CI 1.04-1.19) as concomitant risk factors for the development of OS. Conclusion: To date, there are few dedicated investigations of risk factors for OS, especially smoking. This investigation identified male sex, age, and tobacco exposure as independent risk factors for OS. Though disease duration did not withstand regression analysis in this moderately sized group, age at chart review suggests screening for OS should not remit but rather intensify in aging patients with sarcoidosis. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2015; 32: 183-143)

Author Biographies

Adam C. Janot, Virginia Commonwealth University –School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology, Richmond, Virginia;

Opthalmology Resident

McCall Walker, 5LSUHSC-NO School of Medicine

2nd Year Medical Student

Mary Yu, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center -New Orleans (LSUHSC-NO), Department of Internal Medicine

Internal Medicine Resident, 2nd year

Matthew R. Lammi, LSUHSC-NO Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center LSUHSC-NO Section of Pulmonary Medicine LSUHSC-NO Section of Rheumatology

Faculty memberScleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, Co-Director

Lesley Ann Saketkoo, LSUHSC-NO Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center LSUHSC-NO Section of Pulmonary Medicine

LSUHSC-NO Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, Director

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Published

22-07-2015

Issue

Section

Original Articles: Clinical Research

How to Cite

1.
Janot AC, Huscher D, Walker M, Grewal HK, Yu M, Lammi MR, et al. Cigarette smoking and male sex are independent and age concomitant risk factors for the development of ocular sarcoidosis in a New Orleans sarcoidosis population. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis [Internet]. 2015 Jul. 22 [cited 2025 May 20];32(2):138-43. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/sarcoidosis/article/view/3466