Elderly-onset pulmonary sarcoidosis: A radiological approach to diagnosis

Main Article Content

Sevtap Doğan
Onural Öztürk
Sevil Aydoğan Diş
Serap Argun Barış
Nurettin Özgür Doğan

Keywords

sarcoidosis, geriatric assessment, radiology, fibrosis, multidetector computed tomography

Abstract

Background and aim: The aim was to compare the radiological and clinical characteristics of sarcoidosis between elderly and non-elderly patients.


Methods: This retrospective observational study was carried out in patients with sarcoidosis. Elderly-onset sarcoidosis was defined as sarcoidosis diagnosed in patients ≥65 years-old. Patients were stratified by age (≥65 years versus <65 years) and radiological and clinical data were compared between age groups.


Results: Of the 163 patients, 38 (23.3%) were in the elderly group and 125 (76.7%) were in the non-elderly group. Elderly patients more frequently demonstrated arthralgia (50% vs. 12.8%, p<0.001), coronary artery disease  (15.8% vs. 2.4%, p=0.005), congestive heart failure (13.2% vs. 0.8%, p=0.003), pneumonia (7.9% vs. 0.8%, p=0.04), and pleural fluid (18.4% vs. 0.0%, p<0.001). Clinical remission was significantly more likely in younger patients than in the elderly (76.8% vs. 55.3%, p=0.01). The clinical course to chronic-progressive disease was similar in both groups (p=0.635). Radiologically, lymph nodes measuring 10-25 mm in the short axis (89.5% vs. 72.6%, p=0.032), usual interstitial pneumonia pattern (10.5% vs. 0.8%, p=0.011), and main pulmonary artery diameter above 30 mm (34.2% vs. 16.0%, p=0.014) were significantly more frequent in the elderly group. Elderly patients tended to demonstrate Scadding stage I and II sarcoidosis (39.5% and 31.6%).


Conclusions: Presentation of elderly-onset sarcoidosis appears to differ from young-onset sarcoidosis. Radiologically, lymph node enlargement and the pattern of fibrosis may be distinctive.

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