Women and men, authors and victims of workplace bullying in Italy: a literature review
Main Article Content
Keywords
workplace bullying, women, men, gender differences, victims, aggressors
Abstract
Introduction: It is known in literature that women are frequently victims of murder, sexual assault and stalking. It is interesting to investigate the gender characterization when workplace bullying occurs. Objectives: To investigate the phenomenon of workplace bullying and to understand if there are any relevant data about the gender aspects of workplace bullying by reviewing the literature in Italy. Methods: Review of articles on a sample of Italian workers. The research question followed the P.E.C.O. model and the article selection is based on PRISMA statement. Fourteen research strings were applied on: Pubmed, Microsoft Academic e Science Direct. A total of 32 articles were selected. Results: There are few studies in which gender differences on workplace bullying and crimes related are analysed, in some cases it is considered in the research but not in the results section (n=6 articles). In the studies selected women are predominantly victims (n=10 articles), the aggressors instead are usually men (n=2 articles). The attacks suffered by women are frequently discriminations due to family management, children and gender related issues (n=6 articles). Men have the major consequences on mental health if compared to women (n=7 articles). Conclusions: Gender is relevant in the characterization of workplace bullying. There is a need for further investigation focusing on gender differences between perpetrators and victims of workplace bullying offences. A unique evaluation protocol is necessary for evaluating workplace bullying, the crimes linked to it and gender differences, to obtain a more accurate comparability of data.
References
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ISTAT, LE VITTIME DI OMICIDIO ANNO 2018, disponibile all’indirizzo: https://www.istat.it/it/files//2020/03/Report-Le-vittime-di-omicidio.pdf
ISTAT, Dati del Dipartimento Pari Opportunità Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, report anni 2012-2018
ISTAT. (2018). Le molestie e i ricatti sessuali sul lavoro. ISTAT. https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/209107
Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Vartia M, et al: Workplace bullying and the risk of cardiovascular disease and depression. Occup Environ Med 2003; 60: 779–783
Lallukka T, Rahkonen O, Lahelma E: Workplace bullying and subsequent sleep problems—The Helsinki health study. Scand J Work Environ Health 2011; 37: 204–212
Leymann H: The content and development of mobbing at work. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 1996; 5:165–184
Leymann H, Gustafsson A: Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. Eur J Work Org Psych 1996; 5:251-275
Loriol M, Dassisti L, Grattagliano I: Harassment at work in France and Italy first hypothesis for an international comparison. Aggr Viol Behav 2020; 53: e101427
Manheim H, In F. Ferracuti, Trattato di criminologia comparata. Torino: Einaudi, 1975
Matthiesen SB, Einarsen S: MMPI-2 configurations among victims of bullying at work. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 2001; 10: 467-484
Merzagora I, Caruso P, Morgante A, Travaini G: Lo psicopatico dietro la scrivania Rass It Crim 2016; X n.1: 70-79
Mikkelsen EG, Einarsen S: Basic assumptions and symptoms of post-traumatic stress among victims of bullying at work. Eur J Work Organ Psychol 2002; 11(1), 87–111
Mikkelsen EG, Einarsen S: Relationships between exposure to bullying at work and psychological and psychosomatic health complains: The role of state negative affectivity and generalized self-efficacy. Scand Journ Psych, 2002b, 43: 397-405
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Monaco E, Girardi P, Falaschi, P, et al: Mobbing: esperienza decennale di valutazione in un Policlinico Universitario. G Ital Med Lav Ergon 2017; 26–33
Moreno-Jiménez B, Rodríguez-Muñoz A: Introducción del número monográfico sobre acosopsicológico en el trabajo: una perspectiva general [Introduction to the special issue on workplace mobbing: A general perspective]. Rev Psic Trabajo Organiz 2006; 22: 245-249
Morgan RL, Whaley P, Thayer KA, et al: Identifying the PECO: A framework for formulating good questions to explore the association of environmental and other exposures with health outcomes. Env iNT 2018; 121: 1027–1031
N. 4774—Mobbing, (Cassazione Civile, Sez. lavoro 6 marzo 2006)
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Dassisti L, Stufano A, Lovreglio P, Vimercati L, Loconsole P, Grattagliano I. Women and men, authors and victims of workplace bullying in Italy: a literature review. Med Lav [Internet]. 2020 Sep. 14 [cited 2024 Jul. 17];111(6):463-77. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/9408
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How to Cite
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Dassisti L, Stufano A, Lovreglio P, Vimercati L, Loconsole P, Grattagliano I. Women and men, authors and victims of workplace bullying in Italy: a literature review. Med Lav [Internet]. 2020 Sep. 14 [cited 2024 Jul. 17];111(6):463-77. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/9408
