Dutch Colonialism and Role of Zending in Healthcare Services in Nias Island, 1865-1915
Main Article Content
Keywords
Christian missionary, Dutch colonialism, health services, Nias Island, zending
Abstract
In the 19th century, Dutch colonialism played a significant role in shaping the history and development of Nias Island, located in Indonesia. During this period, the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC) established control over the island, exploiting its resources and imposing its cultural and political influence on the local population. One aspect of Dutch colonial rule that had a lasting impact on Nias Island was the introduction of zending, which refers to the Christian missionary activities aimed at converting the local population to Christianity. The Dutch saw zending as a tool for civilizing and controlling the Indigenous people, using religion as a means of exerting authority. The role of zending in health services on Nias Island was particularly significant, as the missionaries were often the only source of medical care available to the local population.
References
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22. Anonymous. Een Nederlandsch etablissement te Lagoendi. Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 1860; 6(22):331–49.
23. Junaidi. Smallpox vaccination in Nias Island, Indonesia, 1854-1915. Med Histor 2023; 7(1):e2023005.
24. Simon G. De Rijnsch Zending. In HDJ Boissevain, editor. De Zending in Oost en West, Verleden en Handen, Deel I. ‘s-Gravenhage: N.V. Algemeene Boekhandel; 1934. p. 146–72.
25. Junaidi, Agustono B, Dewi H, Pujiono M, Affandi KM. Nias Island: looking at the life and health of the Ono Niha in the 19th Century: Looking at the life and health of the Ono Niha in 19th century. Med Histor 2023; 7(3):e2023048.
26. S. Hoe zendeling Lett zijne vrouw naar Nias bracht [How Missionary Lett brought his wife to Nias]. Hoenderloo: Halfstuivers-Vereeniging der Rijnsche Zending; 1908.
27. S. Zendeling Krumm en De Iraoeno Hoena. Amsterdam: Hoveker & Wormser; 1904.
28. S. Obadja. Van Slavernij tot vrijheid [Onbadja: From slavery to freedom]. Hoenderloo: Halfstuivers-Vereeniging der Rijnsche Zending; 1915.
29. Kluin H. De opwekkings-beweging op Nias: In haar oorsprong, ontwikkeling en verloop geschetst [The revival movement on Nias: Outlined in its origins, development and course]. Uitgegeven vanwege den Zendingsstudie-Raad door de drukkerij van de Stichting Hoenderloo; 1927.
2. Kraemer H. De houding van Zending en Christendom in Indië [The attitude of Zending and Christianity in the Indies]. Hardenbroek: Bureau der NCSV; 1930.
3. Junaidi. Zending di Nias dan Kepulauan Batu 1865-1942: Politik kolonial, pelayanan kesehatan, dan pendidikan [Zending in Nias and the Batu Islands 1865-1942: Colonial politics, health services and education]. In Sri Margana et.al., editors. Agama dan negara di Indonesia: Pergulatan pemikiran dan ketokohan, Jilid 3 [Religion and state in Indonesia: Struggle of thought and character, Volume 3]. Yogyakarta: Ombak; 2017.
4. Randwijck SCG van. Oegstgeest: Kebijaksanaan lembaga-lembaga pekabaran Injil yang bekerjasama 1897-1942 [Oegstgeest: The wisdom of cooperating evangelical institutions 1897-1942]. Jakarta: PT BPK Gunung Mulia; 1989.
5. Crawfurd J. History of the Indian Archipelago: Containing an account of the manners, art, languages, religions, institutions, and commerce of its inhabitants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2013.
6. Zed M. Saudagar Pariaman menerjang ombak membangun maskapai: Riwayat Muhammad Saleh Datuk Rangkayo Basa (1841-1921) perintis perusahaan modern pribumi Nusantara [Biography of Muhammad Saleh Datuk Rangkayo Basa, a Minangkabau businessman in Indonesia]. Jakarta: Pustaka LP3ES; 2017.
7. Purwanto B. Ruang maritim di sisi barat pulau Sumatera yang diabaikan, sebuah tinjauan historiografi Indonesia [Maritime space on the neglected western side of the island of Sumatra, a review of Indonesian historiography]. Paramita: Historical Studies Journal 2017; 27(2):212-228.
8. Modigliani E. Un viaggio a Nias [A voyage to Nias]. Milano: Fratelli Treves, Editori; 1890.
9. Lombard D. Kerajaan Aceh zaman Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636) [The Aceh Sultanate through Iskandar Muda, 1607-1636]. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia; 2014.
10. Puccioni V. Tanah para pendekar: Petualangan Elio Modigliani di Nias Selatan tahun 1886 [The land of warriors: The adventures of Elio Modigliani in Southern Nias in 1886]. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 2016.
11. Schroder EEWGs. Nias: Ethnographische, geographische en historische aanteekeningen en studien I tekst [Nias: Ethnographical, geographical and historical notes and studies I text]. Leiden: N.v. boekhandel en drukkerij voorheen E.J. Brill; 1917.
12. Djajadiningrat RH. Critisch overzicht van de in Meleische werken vervatte gegevens over de geschiedenis van het soeltanaat van Atjeh [Critical overview of the data contained in Maleische works on the history of the Sultanate of Aceh]. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië 1911; 65(1/2):135–265.
13. Domis HJ. Het Eiland Nias: De Oostorling [The Island of Nias: The Oostorling]. Tijdschrift bij uitsluitting toegewijd aan de verbreiding der kennis von Oost-Indie, 1834; 2(2):113–31.
14. Modigliani E. Escursione nell’isola Nias. Bollettino Della Società Geografica Italiana 1866; 11(2): 781–7.
15. Lyman H. A missionary tour of Nias. In Anthony Reid, editor. Witnesses to Sumatra: A travelers’ anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press 1995/1886. p. 193–9.
16. Young RJ. The English East India Company and trade on the West Coast of Sumatra, 1730-1760. Phd thesis, University of Pennsylvania; 1970. Available at: https://www.proquest.com/openview/2fccb0487c548f764b3123e41245c823/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y
17. Sumatra’s Westkust, No. 147/10. Jakarta: National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia.
18. Kemp PH van der. Raffles’ betrekkingen met Nias in 1820-1821 [Raffles' relations with Nias in 1820-1821]. Bijdragen Tot de Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde 1901; 52(1):584–603.
19. Asnan G. Pemerintahan Sumatera Barat dari VOC hingga Reformasi [West Sumatra government from VOC to Reformation]. Yogyakarta: Citra Pustaka; 2006.
20. Junaidi and Ratna. Trading in Air Bangis in the 19th century. Humaniora 2019; 31(1):51–60.
21. Rees WA van. De pionniers der beschaving in Neêrlands Indië: Verhaal van eenige krijgstogten op de buitenbezittingen [The pioneers of civilization in the Dutch East Indies: Story of some wars on the outer possessions]. Arnhem: Thieme; 1866.
22. Anonymous. Een Nederlandsch etablissement te Lagoendi. Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië 1860; 6(22):331–49.
23. Junaidi. Smallpox vaccination in Nias Island, Indonesia, 1854-1915. Med Histor 2023; 7(1):e2023005.
24. Simon G. De Rijnsch Zending. In HDJ Boissevain, editor. De Zending in Oost en West, Verleden en Handen, Deel I. ‘s-Gravenhage: N.V. Algemeene Boekhandel; 1934. p. 146–72.
25. Junaidi, Agustono B, Dewi H, Pujiono M, Affandi KM. Nias Island: looking at the life and health of the Ono Niha in the 19th Century: Looking at the life and health of the Ono Niha in 19th century. Med Histor 2023; 7(3):e2023048.
26. S. Hoe zendeling Lett zijne vrouw naar Nias bracht [How Missionary Lett brought his wife to Nias]. Hoenderloo: Halfstuivers-Vereeniging der Rijnsche Zending; 1908.
27. S. Zendeling Krumm en De Iraoeno Hoena. Amsterdam: Hoveker & Wormser; 1904.
28. S. Obadja. Van Slavernij tot vrijheid [Onbadja: From slavery to freedom]. Hoenderloo: Halfstuivers-Vereeniging der Rijnsche Zending; 1915.
29. Kluin H. De opwekkings-beweging op Nias: In haar oorsprong, ontwikkeling en verloop geschetst [The revival movement on Nias: Outlined in its origins, development and course]. Uitgegeven vanwege den Zendingsstudie-Raad door de drukkerij van de Stichting Hoenderloo; 1927.
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Aug 6, 2024
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Junaidi, Simanjuntak P, Ginting JS, Affandi KM. Dutch Colonialism and Role of Zending in Healthcare Services in Nias Island, 1865-1915. Med Histor [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 6 [cited 2024 Aug. 17];8(2):e2024022. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/MedHistor/article/view/15964
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Original articles: History of Medicine
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How to Cite
1.
Junaidi, Simanjuntak P, Ginting JS, Affandi KM. Dutch Colonialism and Role of Zending in Healthcare Services in Nias Island, 1865-1915. Med Histor [Internet]. 2024 Aug. 6 [cited 2024 Aug. 17];8(2):e2024022. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/MedHistor/article/view/15964