Reverse onconephrology: Cancer risk in patients with chronic kidney disease
Keywords:
chronic kidney disease, chronic renal failure, chronic inflammation, malignancy risk, cancer contributing factorsAbstract
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern that significantly increases the risk of developing certain malignancies, including kidney cancer. Various etiological factors contribute to this elevated cancer risk in CKD patients.
Methods: A non-systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar to gather updates on cancer risk factors, the impact of CKD on malignancy development, renal oncology, and the cancer risk in patients undergoing dialysis.
Results: Several risk factors were identified. CKD weakens the immune system, impairing the body's ability to combat cancer cells. Patients with chronic renal failure, especially those undergoing hemodialysis or who have received renal transplants, are at an increased risk of developing renal malignancies, skin cancer, and certain types of lymphoma. Additionally, CKD treatments such as dialysis and specific medications may further elevate cancer risk.
Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of rigorous evaluation and cancer screening in CKD patients to mitigate their heightened cancer risk.
References
1. Santos MLC, Brito BB, Silva FAF, Botelho A, Melo FF. Nephrotoxicity in cancer treatment: an overview. World J Clin Oncol. 2020;11(4):190–204.
2. Braet P, Sartò GVR, Pirovano M, Sprangers B, Cosmai L. Treatment of acute kidney injury in cancer patients. Clin Kidney J. 2022;15(5):873–84.
3. Habas E, Akbar R, Farfar K, Arrayes N, Habas A, Rayani A, et al. Malignancy diseases and kidneys: a nephrologist prospect and updated review. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102(15):e33505.
4. Lameire NH, Vanholder RC, van Biesen W, Benoit DD. Acute kidney injury in critically ill cancer patients: an update. Crit Care. 2016;20:209.
5. Alem L, Esmaeilpour MA, Borja Montes OF, Khayyat A, Kaviani P, Ebadi M. Oncohypertension: treatment of high blood pressure in cancer patients. J Nephropathol. 2023;12(4):e21513. doi: 10.34172/jnp.2023.21513.
6. Rosner MH, Jhaveri KD, McMahon BA, Perazella MA. Onconephrology: the intersections between the kidney and cancer. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(1):47–77.
7. Jafari M, Rastegar-Kashkouli A, Yousefi P, Moammer F, Taravati AM, Shahrokh SG, et al. Investigating the potential association between hypertension and cancer: unveiling onco-hypertension as an innovative concept. J Renal Inj Prev. 2024;13(4):e32281. doi: 10.34172/jrip.2024.32281.
8. Salati S, Firouzbakht B, Daneii P, Azarpey A, Hatami B, Johari Moghadam MM, Jafari N. Oncocardiology: close collaboration between oncologists, cardiologists, and nephrologists. J Nephropharmacol. 2024;13(1):e11660. doi: 10.34172/npj.2023.11660.
9. Zandifar S, Farnam Nia S, Mehrani R, et al. Emerging cancer in individuals with cardiovascular disease: exploring the intersection of reverse cardio-oncology and nephropharmacology. J Nephropharmacol. 2024;13(1):e11648. doi: 10.34172/npj.2023.11648.
10. Malyszko J, Tesarova P, Capasso G, Capasso A. The link between kidney disease and cancer: complications and treatment. Lancet. 2020;396(10246):277–87.
11. Shi C, de Wit S, Učambarlić E, Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Screever EM, Meijers WC, et al. Multifactorial diseases of the heart, kidneys, lungs, and liver and incident cancer: epidemiology and shared mechanisms. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(3):789.
12. Scelo G, Larose TL. Epidemiology and risk factors for kidney cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(36):JCO2018791905.
13. Ba Z, Xiao Y, He M, Liu D, Wang H, Liang H, et al. Risk factors for the comorbidity of hypertension and renal cell carcinoma in the cardio-oncologic era and treatment for tumor-induced hypertension. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:810262.
14. Saffarieh E, Nokhostin F, Yousefnezhad A, Yousefi Sharemi SR. Cancer-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: a review article. J Renal Inj Prev. 2023;12(1):e12345.
15. Haas NB, Nathanson KL. Hereditary kidney cancer syndromes. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2014;21(1):81–90.
16. Kim E, Zschiedrich S. Renal cell carcinoma in von Hippel-Lindau disease: from tumor genetics to novel therapeutic strategies. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:16.
17. Jia JB, Lall C, Tirkes T, Gulati R, Lamba R, Goodwin SC. Chemotherapy-related complications in the kidneys and collecting system: an imaging perspective. Insights Imaging. 2015;6(4):479–87.
18. Palapattu GS, Kristo B, Rajfer J. Paraneoplastic syndromes in urologic malignancy: the many faces of renal cell carcinoma. Rev Urol. 2002;4(4):163–70.
19. Stengel B. Chronic kidney disease and cancer: a troubling connection. J Nephrol. 2010;23(3):253–62.
20. Wong G, Hayen A, Chapman JR, Webster AC, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, et al. Association of CKD and cancer risk in older people. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;20(6):1341–50.
21. Ciorcan M, Chisavu L, Mihaescu A, Gadalean F, Bob FR, Negru S, et al. Chronic kidney disease in cancer patients: analysis of a large oncology database from Eastern Europe. PLoS One. 2022;17(6):e0265930.
22. Guo K, Wang Z, Luo R, Cheng Y, Ge S, Xu G. Association between chronic kidney disease and cancer including the mortality of cancer patients: national health and nutrition examination survey 1999–2014. Am J Transl Res. 2022;14(4):2356–66.
23. Tendulkar KK, Cope B, Dong J, Plumb TJ, Campbell WS, Ganti AK. Risk of malignancy in patients with chronic kidney disease. PLoS One. 2022;17(8):e0272910.
24. Hu M, Wang Q, Liu B, Ma Q, Zhang T, Huang T, et al. Chronic kidney disease and cancer: inter-relationships and mechanisms. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:868715.
25. Weng PH, Hung KY, Huang HL, Chen JH, Sung PK, Huang KC. Cancer-specific mortality in chronic kidney disease: longitudinal follow-up of a large cohort. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(5):1121–8.
26. Francis A, Harhay MN, Ong ACM, Tummalapalli SL, Ortiz A, Fogo AB, et al. Chronic kidney disease and the global public health agenda: an international consensus. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2024;20(7):473–85.
27. Shahinian VB, Bahl A, Niepel D, Lorusso V. Considering renal risk while managing cancer. Cancer Manag Res. 2017;9:167–78.
28. Bulmuş Tüccar T, Acar Tek N. Determining the factors affecting energy metabolism and energy requirement in cancer patients. J Res Med Sci. 2021;26:124.
29. Kushwaha R, Vardhan PS, Kushwaha PP. Chronic kidney disease interplay with comorbidities and carbohydrate metabolism: a review. Life (Basel). 2023;14(1):e123456.
30. Espi M, Koppe L, Fouque D, Thaunat O. Chronic kidney disease-associated immune dysfunctions: impact of protein-bound uremic retention solutes on immune cells. Toxins (Basel). 2020;12(5):e123456.
31. Singh N, Baby D, Rajguru JP, Patil PB, Thakkannavar SS, Pujari VB. Inflammation and cancer. Ann Afr Med. 2019;18(3):121–6.
32. Stenvinkel P, Chertow GM, Devarajan P, Levin A, Andreoli SP, Bangalore S, et al. Chronic inflammation in chronic kidney disease progression: role of Nrf2. Kidney Int Rep. 2021;6(7):1775–87.
33. Sprangers B, Perazella MA, Lichtman SM, Rosner MH, Jhaveri KD. Improving cancer care for patients with CKD: the need for changes in clinical trials. Kidney Int Rep. 2022;7(9):1939–50.
34. Lees JS, Elyan BMP, Herrmann SM, Lang NN, Jones RJ, Mark PB. The 'other' big complication: how chronic kidney disease impacts on cancer risks and outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2023;38(5):1071–9.
35. Jankowski J, Floege J, Fliser D, Böhm M, Marx N. Cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease: pathophysiological insights and therapeutic options. Circulation. 2021;143(11):1157-72.
36. Koene RJ, Prizment AE, Blaes A, Konety SH. Shared risk factors in cardiovascular disease and cancer. Circulation. 2016;133(11):1104-14.
37. Prasad R, Jha RK, Keerti A. Chronic kidney disease: its relationship with obesity. Cureus. 2022;14(10):e30535.
38. Kabaria R, Klaassen Z, Terris MK. Renal cell carcinoma: links and risks. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2016;9:45-52.
39. Genchi G, Sinicropi MS, Lauria G, Carocci A, Catalano A. The effects of cadmium toxicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(11):3782.
40. Sakuma S, Nogawa K, Watanabe Y, Sakurai M, Nishijo M, Ishizaki M, et al. Effect of renal tubular damage on non-cancer mortality in the general Japanese population living in cadmium non-polluted areas. J Appl Toxicol. 2023;43(12):1849-58. doi: 10.1002/jat.4518.
41. Zerem E, Imamović G, Omerović S. Simple renal cysts and arterial hypertension: does their evacuation decrease the blood pressure? J Hypertens. 2009;27(10):2074-8.
42. Rule AD, Sasiwimonphan K, Lieske JC, Keddis MT, Torres VE, Vrtiska TJ. Characteristics of renal cystic and solid lesions based on contrast-enhanced computed tomography of potential kidney donors. Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(5):611-8.
43. Maher ER, Neumann HPH, Richard S. Von Hippel-Lindau disease: a clinical and scientific review. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011;19(6):617-23.
44. Heo SJ, Lee CK, Hahn KY, Kim G, Hur H, Choi SH, et al. A case of von Hippel-Lindau disease with colorectal adenocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma and hemangioblastomas. Cancer Res Treat. 2016;48(1):409-14.
45. Russo P. End stage and chronic kidney disease: associations with renal cancer. Front Oncol. 2012;2:28.
46. Lee MJ, Lee E, Park B, Park I. Epidemiological characteristics of cancers in patients with end-stage kidney disease: a Korean nationwide study. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3929.
47. Tajdini P, Foroutan M. On the occasion of World Cancer Day 2024; focus on hypertension and anti-cancer agents. J Renal Inj Prev. 2024;13(1):e32259. doi: 10.34172/jrip.2024.32259.
Issue
Section
License
OPEN ACCESS
All the articles of the European Journal of Oncology and Environmental Health are published with open access under the CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license (the current version is CC-BY, version 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). This means that the author(s) retain copyright, but the content is free to download, distribute and adapt for commercial or non-commercial purposes, given appropriate attribution to the original article.
The articles in the previous edition of the Journal (European Journal of Oncology) are made available online with open access under the CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license (the current version is CC-BY, version 4.0 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Upon submission, author(s) grant the Journal the license to publish their original unpublished work within one year, and the non exclusive right to display, store, copy and reuse the content. The CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license enables anyone to use the publication freely, given appropriate attribution to the author(s) and citing the Journal as the original publisher. The CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license does not apply to third-party materials that display a copyright notice to prohibit copying. Unless the third-party content is also subject to a CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license, or an equally permissive license, the author(s) must comply with any third-party copyright notices.