Nurses’ Attitude Towards Various Hand Hygiene Products. Soap vs Antiseptics
Keywords:
Nursing, Hand hygiene, Alcohol-based hand rubs, Hand washingAbstract
Background. According to the latest recommendations of WHO, in most situations requiring hands treatment, alcohol-based skin antiseptics should be used. This study is aimed to determine the awareness and preferences of nurses in the city of Moscow regarding the choice of methods regarding hand hygiene treatment and the factors influencing this choice.
Study Design. Using the specially designed questionnaire, 184 nurses working in Moscow hospitals were interviewed to find out the attitude of nurses to various methods of hand hygiene.
Methods. The questionnaire was developed on the basis of WHO Recommendations and Russian Recommendations. The survey was conducted from May 2017 to July 2017. To confirm the statistical significance of the identified associations a chi-square test was used. To find the 95% confidence interval to the relative values the Clopper-Pearson method was used
Results. Only 3 (1.63%) of respondents indicated that they use antiseptic as the most frequently used hand hygiene product, 27 (14.67%) use liquid soap more often, 153 (83.15%) indicated that they use soap and antiseptic with equal frequency. In none of the standard situations we examined the use of antiseptic was the most frequent choice. Only in three cases antiseptic was chosen more often than soap - before and after manipulations with wounds and catheters (36.96%) or before performing invasive procedures (36.41%) and after contact with biological material (29.35%). At the same time nurses with more than 15 years of experience have preferred antiseptic.
Conclusions. Based on the study it can be assumed that despite the implementation of the Russian guidelines on hand hygiene developed according to WHO recommendations, nurses prefer the traditional method of washing hands with soap. This suggests that in the current conditions additional measures are needed to train nurses and to monitor their work.
References
1. Trampuz A, Widmer AF. Hand Hygiene: A frequently missed lifesaving opportunity during patient care. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79(1): 10916.
2. Boyce J, Pittet D. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002; 23(12 Suppl): S3-40.
3. Thakker V, Jadhav P. Knowledge of hand hygiene in undergraduate medical, dental, and nursing students: A cross-sectional survey. J Family Med Prim Care 2015; 4(4): 582-6.
4. Ferreira LL, Azevedo LMN, Salvador PTCO, Morais SHM, Paiva RM, Santos VEP. Nursing Care in Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Scoping Review. Rev Bras Enferm 2019; 72(2): 476-83.
5. Pittet D, Hugonnet S, Harbarth S, et al. Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene. Lancet 2000; 356(9238): 1307-12.
6. Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Boyce J. The World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care and Their Consensus Recommendations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009; 30(7): 611-22.
7. Longtin Y, Sax H, Allegranzi B, Schneider F, Pittet D. Hand Hygiene. N Engl J Med 2011; 364(13): e24.
8. Tibballs J. Teaching hospital medical staff to handwash. Med J Aust 1996; 164(7): 395-8.
9. Boyce JM, Pittet D. Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee; HICPAC / SHEA / APIC / IDSA HH Task Force. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC / SHEA / APIC / IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of /America / Association for Professionals in Infection Control /Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002; 51(RR-16): 1-45.
10. Anwar MA, Rabbi S, Masroor M, Majeed F, Andrades M, Baqi S. Self-reported practices of hand hygiene among the trainees of a teaching hospital in a resource limited country. J Pak Med Assoc 2009; 59(9): 631-34.
11. Valeriani F, Protano C, Gianfranceschi G, et al. Infection control in healthcare settings: perspectives for mfDNA analysis in monitoring sanitation procedures. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16: 394.
12. Patarakul K, Tan-Khum A, Kanha S, Padungpean D, Jaichaiyapum O. Cross-sectional survey of hand-hygiene compliance and attitudes of health care workers and visitors in the intensive care units at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 2005; 88(Suppl 4): 287-93.
13. Nair S, Hanumantappa R, Hiremath S, Siraj M, Raghunath P. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Hand Hygiene among Medical and Nursing Students at a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Raichur, India. ISRN Prev Med 2014; 2014: 1-4.
14. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.
15. Marples R, Towers A. A laboratory model for the investigation of contact transfer of microorganisms. J Hyg (Lond) 1979; 82(2): 237-48.
16. Girou E, Loyeau S, Legrand P, Oppein F, BrunBuisson C. Efficacy of handrubbing with alcohol based solution versus standard handwashing with antiseptic soap: randomised clinical trial. BMJ 2002; 325(7360): 362.
17. Girou E, Oppein F. Handwashing compliance in a French university hospital: new perspective with the introduction of hand-rubbing with a waterless alcohol-based solution. J Hosp Infect 2001; 48(Suppl A): S55-7.
18. Zaragoza M, Sallés M, Gomez J, Bayas J, Trilla A. Handwashing with soap or alcoholic solutions? A randomized clinical trial of its effectiveness. Am J Infect Control 1999; 27(3): 258-61.
19. Suner A, Oruc O, Buke C, Ozkaya H, Kitapcioglu G. Evaluation of infectious diseases and clinical microbiology specialists’ preferences for hand hygiene: analysis using the multi-attribute utility theory and the analytic hierarchy process methods. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2017; 17(1): 129.
20. Vermeil T, Peters A, Kilpatrick C, Pires D, Allegranzi B, Pittet D. Hand hygiene in hospitals: anatomy of a revolution. J Hosp Infect 2019; 101(4): 383-92.
21. Peters A, Otter J, Moldovan A, Parneix P, Voss A, Pittet D. Keeping hospitals clean and safe without breaking the bank; summary of the Healthcare Cleaning Forum 2018. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2018; 7: 132.
22. Protano C, Cammalleri V, Romano Spica V, Valeriani F, Vitali M. Hospital environment as a reservoir for cross transmission: cleaning and disinfection procedures. Ann Ig 2019; 31(5): 436-8.
23. Goldberg JL. Guideline Implementation: Hand Hygiene. AORN J 2017; 105(2): 203-12.
24. Grayson M, Stewardson A, Russo P, et al. Effects of the Australian National Hand Hygiene Initiative after 8 years on infection control practices, health-care worker education, and clinical outcomes: a longitudinal study. Lancet Infect Dis 2018; 18(11): 1269-77.
25. Chavali S, Menon V, Shukla U. Hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in an accredited tertiary care hospital. Indian J Crit Care Med 2014; 18(10): 689-93.
26. Lyubimova AV, Zueva LP, Golubkova AA, Tekhova IG. Gigiena ruk meditsinskogo personala. Federal’nye klinicheskie rekomendatsii. Moskva, 2014. [in Russian]
27. P’yanykh AV, Shevchenko MV. Analiz problem po vypolneniyu gigieny ruk sestrinskim personalom v gorodskoy poliklinike. Poliklinika 2013; 6: 36-8. [in Russian]
28. Van De Mortel TF, Kermode S, Progano T, Sansoni J. A comparison of the hand hygiene knowledge, beliefs and practices of Italian nursing and medical students. J Adv Nurs 2012; 68(3): 569-79.
29. Di Muzio M, Cammilletti V, Petrelli E, Di Simone E. Hand hygiene in preventing nosocomial infections:a nursing research. Ann Ig 2015; 27(2): 485-91. Available on: http://www. seu-roma.it/riviste/annali_igiene/apps/autos.
php?id=978 [Last accessed: 2020, Feb 11].
30. Sadule-Rios N, Aguilera G. Nurses’ perceptions of reasons for persistent low rates in hand hygiene compliance. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2017; 42: 17-21.
31. Accardi R, Castaldi S, Marzullo A, Ronchi S, Laquintana D, Lusignani M. Prevention of healthcare associated infections: a descriptive study. Ann Ig 2017; 29(2): 101-15. Available on: http://www.seu-roma.it/riviste/annali_igiene/ open_access/articoli/830df4717a8d505953f259d 75372d208.pdf [Last accessed: 2020, Feb 11].
32. Ho SE, Ho CC, Hng SH, Liu CY, Jaafar MZ, Lim B. Nurses compliance to hand hygiene practice and knowledge at Klang Valley hospital. Clin Ter 2013; 164(5): 407-11.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers.
Authors retain the copyright for their published work. No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.