The Effect of Calisthenics Exercises on Body Composition in Soccer Players
Main Article Content
Keywords
Soccer players, calisthenics exercise, body composition
Abstract
Study Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of calisthenics exercises on body composition in soccer players.Methods:18 male soccer players with ages of 18,16+1,04 years, height 174,94+7,68 m, body weight 69,99+8,68 kg participated in the study voluntarily. The soccer players participating in the study were randomly divided into 2 groups. 9 soccer players in the calisthenics exercises group (CEG) performed calisthenics exercise and soccer training, and 9 soccer players in the control group (CG) performed only soccer training. The study lasted a total of 8 weeks, with 3 workouts per week. Analysis of intergroup, intragroup, and the effect of training were carried out with repeated measures ANOVA. Significance was set at 0.05. Results: While there was no difference in the BMR and TBW of the subjects, there was a difference in pre and post-test measurements of body composition such as BW, BMI, FP, FM, and FFM. In comparison of pre and post-test changes of upper extremities between groups, there was a significant difference in the all variables of the subjects in pre and post-test measurements of RAFP, RAFM, RAFFM, LAFP, LAFM, and LAFFM in terms of inter-group, intra-group, and group*test interaction. In comparison of pre and post-test changes of lower extremities between groups, there was no difference in the RLFP of the subjects; there was a significant difference pre and post-test measurements of body composition such as RLFM, RLFFM, LLFP, LLFM,and LLFFM. Conclusion: It can be said that an 8-week calisthenics exercise can provide positive development of the whole body composition of soccer players.
References
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27. Ratamess, NA, Rosenberg JG, Klei S, et al. Comparison of the acute metabolic responses to traditional resistance, body-weight, and battling rope exercises. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29(1): 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000584
28. Stanforth PR, Crim BN, Stanforth D, Stults-Kolehmainen MA. Body composition changes among female NCAA division 1 athletes across the competitive season and over a multiyear time frame. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28(2): 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a20f06
29. Zemski AJ, Slater GJ, Broad EM. Body composition characteristics of elite Australian rugby union athletes according to playing position and ethnicity. J Sports Sci 2015; 33(9):970-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.977937
30. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41(2): 459–471. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181949333
31. Velez A, Golem DL, Arent SM. The impact of a 12-week resistance training program on strength, body composition, and self-concept of Hispanic adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24(4): 1065-1073. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc230a
32. Strasser B, Siebert U, Schobersberger W. Resistance training in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Sports Med 2010; 40(5): 397-415. https://doi.org/10.2165/11531380-000000000-00000
33. Vergili O. The effects of calisthenic and pilates exercises on health-related quality of life in healthy sedentary women. The Journal of Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine 2012; 14(3): 14-20.
34. Pinar L, Kara B,Kozan O. Effects of long-term calisthenics on physical fitness and quality of life in older women. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 2014; 25(2): 47-55.
35. Kieres J, Plowman S. Effects of swimming and land exercises versus swimming and water exercises on body composition of college students. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1991; 31(2): 189-195.
36. Mosher PE, Nash MS, Perry AC, LaPerriere AR, Goldberg RB. Aerobic circuit exercise training: effect on adolescents with well-controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79(6): 652-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(98)90039-9
37. Rogers K, Gibson AL. Eight-week traditional mat Pilates training-program effects on adult fitness characteristics. Res Q Exerc Sport 2009; 80(3): 569-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599595
38. Mehdizadeh R. The effect of core stability training on body composition and lipoprotein in menopausal older women. Iranian Journal of Ageing 2015; 10(2): 156-163.
39. Noormohammadpour P, Kordi R, Dehghani S, Rostami M. The effect of abdominal resistance training and energy restricted diet on lateral abdominal muscles thickness of overweight and obese women. J BodywMovTher 2012; 16(3): 344-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.12.001
40. Cruz-Ferreira AIC, Pereira CLN, Fernandes JA. Effects of three months of pilates-based exercise in women on body composition: 1447. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41(5): 16-17.
41. Kloubec JA. Pilates for improvement of muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and posture. J Strength Condit Res 2010; 24(3): 661-667. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c277a6
42. Segal NA, Hein J, Basford JR. The effects of pilates training on flexibility and body composition: An observational study1. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85(12): 1977-1981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.036
43. Sekendiz B, Altun O, Korkusuz F, Akin S. Effects of pilates exercise on trunk strength, endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. J BodywMovTher 2007; 11(4): 318-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2006.12.002
44. Bayrakdar A, Demirhan B, Zorba E. The effect of calisthenics exercises of performed on stable and unstable ground on body fat percentage and performance in swimmers. Manas Journal of Social Research 2019; 8(3): 2979-2992. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.541847
45. Otto III WH, Coburn JW, Brown LE, Spiering BA. Effects of weightlifting vs. kettlebell training on vertical jump, strength, and body composition. J Strength Condit Res 2012; 26(5): 1199-1202. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824f233e
46. Bhasin S, Storer TW, Berman N, et al. The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. N Engl J Med 1996; 335(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199607043350101
47. Gremeaux V, Drigny J, Nigam A, et al. Long-term lifestyle intervention with optimized high-intensity interval training improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk, and exercise parameters in patients with abdominal obesity. Am J P M R 2012; 91(11): 941-950. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182643ce0
48. Abe T, Loenneke JP, Kojima K, Thiebaud RS, Fahs CA, Sekiguchi O. Influence of strength training on distribution of trunk and appendicular muscle mass. J Aging Res ClinPract 2014; 3: 28-30.
49. Ormsbee MJ, Mandler WK, Thomas DD, et al. The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men. J IntSoc Sports Nutr 2012; 9(1): 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-49
50. Sigal RJ, Alberga AS, Goldfield GS, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on percentage body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adolescents: The healthy eating aerobic and resistance training in youth randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168(11): 1006-1014. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1392
51. Gunay M, Tamer K, Cicioglu I. Sports Physiology And Performance Measurement (3rd Edition). 2013; Ankara: Gazi Bookstore.
52. Zorba E, Babayigit, GI, Saygin O, Irez G, Karacabey K. Investigation of the effect of 10-week training program on some physical fitness parameters in the aged 65-85 years old. FU Health Sciences Medical Journal 2004; 18(2): 229-234.
53. Kraemer WJ, Gordon SE, Fleck SJ, et al. Endogenous anabolik hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise in males and females. Int J Sport Med 1991; 12(2): 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024673
54. Staron RS, Leonardi MJ, Karapondo DL, et al. Strength and skeletal muscle adaptations in heavy-resistance-trained women after detraining and retraining. J ApplPhysiol 1991; 70(2), 631-640.https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.631
55. Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A, Kallinen M. Neuromuscular adaptations and serum hormones in women during short-term intensive strength training. Eur J ApplPhysiol 1992; 64(2): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00717946
2. Reilly T, Bangsbo J, Franks A. Anthropometric and physiological predispositions for elite soccer. J Sports Sci 2000; 18(9): 669–683. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050120050
3. Castagna C, D’Ottavio S, Abt G. Activity profile of young soccer players during actual match play. J Strength Cond Res 2003; 17(4): 775–780. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0775:apoysp>2.0.co;2
4. Nikolaidis P. Core stability of male and female football players. Biomed Hum Kinet 2010; 2: 30-33. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10101-010-0007-9
5. Bangsbo J, Hansen PR, Dvorak J, Krustrup P. Recreational football for disease prevention and treatment in untrained men: A narrative review examining cardiovascular health, lipid profile, body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49(9): 568–576. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bjsports-2015-094781
6. Bangsbo J, Junge A, Dvorak J, Krustrup P. Executive summary: Football for health-prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases across the lifespan through football. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24(Suppl 1): 147–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12271
7. Randers MB, Nybo L, Petersen J, et al. Activity profile and physiological response to football training for untrained males and females, elderly and youngsters: influence of the number of players. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2010; 20 (Suppl. 1): 14–23. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01069.x
8. Impellizzeri FM, Marcora SM, Castagna C, et al. Physiological and performance effects of generic vs specific aerobic training in soccer players. Int J Sports Med 2006: 27: 483–492. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-865839
9. Krustrup P, Nielsen JJ, Krustrup BR, et al. Recreational soccer is an effective health-promoting activity for untrained men. Br J Sports Med 2009; 43: 825–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2008.053124
10. Suarez-Arrones L, Petri C, Maldonado RA, et al. Body fat assessment in elite soccer players: cross-validation of different field methods. Sci. Med. Footb 2018; 2(3): 203–208.
11. Rico-Sanz J. Body composition and nutritional assessments in soccer. Int. J. Sport Nutr 1998; 8(2): 113–123. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.2.113
12. Stewart AD. Athletic morphology: approaches and limitations using dual X-ray absorptiometry and anthropometry. In: Marfell-Jones M, Stewart A, Olds T, eds. Kinanthropometry IX. Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. University of South Australia: Routledge. 2006: 53-63.
13. Srivastava R. Effect of pilates, calisthenics and combined exercises on selected physical motor fitness. 2016; New Delhi: Isara Publications.
14. Cakir E, Senel O. Effect of cold water immersion on performance. Euro J Sport Sci 2017; 3(12): 419-428. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1120423
15. Uludag B. Memory of pain. Agri 2005; 17(4), 10-16.
16. Karacan S. Effects of long-term aerobic exercise on physical fitness and postmenopausal symptoms with menopausal rating scale. Sci Sports 2010; 25(1): 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2009.07.004
17. Turkoglu M. Definition and measurement of pain. Yegül İ. (ed). Pain and treatment. 1993: 19-28. İzmir: Production Printing.
18. Colakoglu FF. The effect of callisthenic exercise on physical fitness values of sedentary women. Sci Sports 2008; 23(6): 306–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2008.06.002
19. Staud R, Vierck CJ, Cannon RL, Mauderli AP, Price DD. Abnormal sensitization and temporal summation of second pain (wind-up) in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain, 2001; 91(1-2): 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00432-2
20. Cakir E, Yuksek S, Asma B, Arslanoglu E. Effects of different environment temperatures on some motor characteristics and muscle strength. Int J Environ SciEduc 2016; 11(10): 3985-3993.
21. Bompa TO, Haff G. Periodization: Training theory and method. T. Bagirgan (Trans). 2017; Ankara: Bagirgan Publishing House.
22. Saritas N, Ozkarafaki I, Pepe O, Buyukipekci S. Evaluatıon of body fat percentage of male university students according to three different methods. J Health Sci 2011; 20(2): 107-115.
23. Helgerud J, Hoydal K, Wang E, et al. Aerobic high-intensity intervals improve VO2max more than moderate training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39(4): 665-671. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180304570
24. Donelley JE, Hill JO, Jacobsen DJ, Jeffrey P, Debra SK, Susan JL. Effects of a 16-month randomized controlled exercise trial on body weight and composition in young, overweight men and women: The Midwest Exercise trial. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163(10): 1343-1350. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.163.11.1343
25. Nindl BC, Harman EA, Marx JO, Gotshalk LA. Regional body composition changes in women after 6 months of periodized physical training. J ApplPhysiol 2000; 88(6): 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.6.2251
26. Le Cheminant JD, Hinman T, Pratt KB, et al. Effect of resistance training on body composition, self‐efficacy, depression, and activity in postpartum women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 24(2): 414-421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01490.x
27. Ratamess, NA, Rosenberg JG, Klei S, et al. Comparison of the acute metabolic responses to traditional resistance, body-weight, and battling rope exercises. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29(1): 47-57. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000584
28. Stanforth PR, Crim BN, Stanforth D, Stults-Kolehmainen MA. Body composition changes among female NCAA division 1 athletes across the competitive season and over a multiyear time frame. J Strength Cond Res 2014; 28(2): 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182a20f06
29. Zemski AJ, Slater GJ, Broad EM. Body composition characteristics of elite Australian rugby union athletes according to playing position and ethnicity. J Sports Sci 2015; 33(9):970-978. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.977937
30. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41(2): 459–471. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3181949333
31. Velez A, Golem DL, Arent SM. The impact of a 12-week resistance training program on strength, body composition, and self-concept of Hispanic adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24(4): 1065-1073. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc230a
32. Strasser B, Siebert U, Schobersberger W. Resistance training in the treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Sports Med 2010; 40(5): 397-415. https://doi.org/10.2165/11531380-000000000-00000
33. Vergili O. The effects of calisthenic and pilates exercises on health-related quality of life in healthy sedentary women. The Journal of Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine 2012; 14(3): 14-20.
34. Pinar L, Kara B,Kozan O. Effects of long-term calisthenics on physical fitness and quality of life in older women. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 2014; 25(2): 47-55.
35. Kieres J, Plowman S. Effects of swimming and land exercises versus swimming and water exercises on body composition of college students. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1991; 31(2): 189-195.
36. Mosher PE, Nash MS, Perry AC, LaPerriere AR, Goldberg RB. Aerobic circuit exercise training: effect on adolescents with well-controlled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998; 79(6): 652-657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(98)90039-9
37. Rogers K, Gibson AL. Eight-week traditional mat Pilates training-program effects on adult fitness characteristics. Res Q Exerc Sport 2009; 80(3): 569-574. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599595
38. Mehdizadeh R. The effect of core stability training on body composition and lipoprotein in menopausal older women. Iranian Journal of Ageing 2015; 10(2): 156-163.
39. Noormohammadpour P, Kordi R, Dehghani S, Rostami M. The effect of abdominal resistance training and energy restricted diet on lateral abdominal muscles thickness of overweight and obese women. J BodywMovTher 2012; 16(3): 344-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2011.12.001
40. Cruz-Ferreira AIC, Pereira CLN, Fernandes JA. Effects of three months of pilates-based exercise in women on body composition: 1447. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009; 41(5): 16-17.
41. Kloubec JA. Pilates for improvement of muscle endurance, flexibility, balance, and posture. J Strength Condit Res 2010; 24(3): 661-667. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c277a6
42. Segal NA, Hein J, Basford JR. The effects of pilates training on flexibility and body composition: An observational study1. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004; 85(12): 1977-1981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.01.036
43. Sekendiz B, Altun O, Korkusuz F, Akin S. Effects of pilates exercise on trunk strength, endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. J BodywMovTher 2007; 11(4): 318-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2006.12.002
44. Bayrakdar A, Demirhan B, Zorba E. The effect of calisthenics exercises of performed on stable and unstable ground on body fat percentage and performance in swimmers. Manas Journal of Social Research 2019; 8(3): 2979-2992. https://doi.org/10.33206/mjss.541847
45. Otto III WH, Coburn JW, Brown LE, Spiering BA. Effects of weightlifting vs. kettlebell training on vertical jump, strength, and body composition. J Strength Condit Res 2012; 26(5): 1199-1202. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31824f233e
46. Bhasin S, Storer TW, Berman N, et al. The effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in normal men. N Engl J Med 1996; 335(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199607043350101
47. Gremeaux V, Drigny J, Nigam A, et al. Long-term lifestyle intervention with optimized high-intensity interval training improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk, and exercise parameters in patients with abdominal obesity. Am J P M R 2012; 91(11): 941-950. https://doi.org/10.1097/PHM.0b013e3182643ce0
48. Abe T, Loenneke JP, Kojima K, Thiebaud RS, Fahs CA, Sekiguchi O. Influence of strength training on distribution of trunk and appendicular muscle mass. J Aging Res ClinPract 2014; 3: 28-30.
49. Ormsbee MJ, Mandler WK, Thomas DD, et al. The effects of six weeks of supplementation with multi-ingredient performance supplements and resistance training on anabolic hormones, body composition, strength, and power in resistance-trained men. J IntSoc Sports Nutr 2012; 9(1): 49. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-9-49
50. Sigal RJ, Alberga AS, Goldfield GS, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on percentage body fat and cardiometabolic risk markers in obese adolescents: The healthy eating aerobic and resistance training in youth randomized clinical trial. JAMA Pediatr 2014; 168(11): 1006-1014. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.1392
51. Gunay M, Tamer K, Cicioglu I. Sports Physiology And Performance Measurement (3rd Edition). 2013; Ankara: Gazi Bookstore.
52. Zorba E, Babayigit, GI, Saygin O, Irez G, Karacabey K. Investigation of the effect of 10-week training program on some physical fitness parameters in the aged 65-85 years old. FU Health Sciences Medical Journal 2004; 18(2): 229-234.
53. Kraemer WJ, Gordon SE, Fleck SJ, et al. Endogenous anabolik hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise in males and females. Int J Sport Med 1991; 12(2): 228-235. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1024673
54. Staron RS, Leonardi MJ, Karapondo DL, et al. Strength and skeletal muscle adaptations in heavy-resistance-trained women after detraining and retraining. J ApplPhysiol 1991; 70(2), 631-640.https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.631
55. Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A, Kallinen M. Neuromuscular adaptations and serum hormones in women during short-term intensive strength training. Eur J ApplPhysiol 1992; 64(2): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00717946
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Cigerci AE, Genç H. The Effect of Calisthenics Exercises on Body Composition in Soccer Players. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2020 May 26 [cited 2024 Jul. 17];22(1-S):94-102. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/9797
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How to Cite
1.
Cigerci AE, Genç H. The Effect of Calisthenics Exercises on Body Composition in Soccer Players. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2020 May 26 [cited 2024 Jul. 17];22(1-S):94-102. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/9797
