Nutritional characteristics of some wheat varieties and evaluation for grain feed
Main Article Content
Keywords
wheat, variety, nutritional composition
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to determine nutritional composition, macro-micro mineral content, phytic acid, β-glucan, total pentosans, soluble pentosans, viscosity and metabolizable energy values for poultry and ruminant in some wheat varieties growed Turkey. Ten wheat varieties were used and five samples were analyzed each variety for all parameters. Wheat varieties were ground through a 1 mm sieve for chemical analysis. Except for the differences among the acid detergent fiber (ADF) values and β-glucan values of wheat varietes, the difference among analyzed all other nutrient results was statistically significant (P<0.01). As a result, although these wheat varieties have significantly different nutrient contents, Ege-88 for poultry and Salihli-92 for ruminant animals may show better feeding performance in terms of energy.
References
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27. Mikulioniene S, Balezentiene L. Responses of cereals grain quality on organical and conventional farming. Agronomy Research 2009; 7 (Special issue II):677-683.
28. Jaskulski D, Jaskulska I, Woźniak M, Osiński G. Assessment of variability of cereal grain quality as a component of fodder mixtures. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Series Agricultura 2011; 10:87-95.
29. Tabban ŞE, Ercan R. Pentosan content of main wheat varieties grown in Turkey. Gıda 2002; 27:435-442.
30. Brand TS, Cruywagen CW, Brandt DA, Viljoen M, Burger WW. Variation in the chemical composition, physical characteristics and energy values of cereal grains produced in the Western Cape area of South Africa. South African Journal Animal Science 2003; 33:117-126.
31. Grausgruber H, Scheiblauer J, Schönlechner R, Ruckenbauer P, Berghofer E (2004) Variability in chemical composition and biologically active constituents of cereals. Proceedings of the 17th Eucarpia General Congress, 8-11 September; Tulln, Austria: BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna Austria, p: 23-26.
32. Šramková Z, Gregováb E, Šturdíka E. Chemical composition and nutritional quality of wheat grain. Acta Chimica Slovaca 2009; 2:115-138.
33. Lacko-Bartošová M, Rédlová M. The significance of spelt wheat cultivated in ecological farming in the Slovak Republic. In: Proceeding of the conference “Organic farming 2007”, 6-7.2.2007, 2007;79-81.
34. Kim JC, Mullan BP, Simmins PH, Pluske JR. Variation in the chemical composition of wheats grown in Western Australia as influenced by variety, growing region, season and post-harvest storage. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 2003; 54: 541-550.
35. Galterio G, Codianni P, Giusti AM, Pezzarossa B, Cannella C. Assessment of the agronomic and technological characteristics of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank and T. spelta L. Nahrung/Food 2003;47: 54-59.
36. Hughes RJ, Choct M. Chemical and physical characteristics of grains related to variability in energy and amino acid availability in poultry. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 1999; 50:689-703.
37. Demirbas A. ß-Glucan and mineral nutrient contents of cereals grown in Turkey. Food Chemistry 2005; 90:773-777.
38. Kleese RA, Rasmusson DC, Smith LH. Genetic and environmental variation in mineral element accumulation in barley wheat and soybeans. Crop Science 1968; 8:591-593.
39. Zhao FJ, Su YH, Dunham SJ, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, McGrath SP, Shewry PR. Variation in mineral micronutrient concentrations in grain of wheat lines of diverse origin. Journal of Cereal Science 2009; 49:290-295.
40. Nemeth C, Freeman J, Jones HD, Sparks C, Pellny TK, Wilkinson MD, Dunwell J, Andersson AAM, Åman P, Guillon F, Saulnier L, Mitchell RAC, Shewry PR. Down-regulation of the CSLF6 gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan in endosperm of wheat. Plant Physiolgy 2010; 152:1209-1218.
41. Genç H, Ozdemir M, Demirbas A. Analysis of mixed-linked (1→3), (1→4)-β-d-glucans in cereal grain from Turkey. Food Chemistry 2001; 73:221-224.
42. Havrlentová M, Kraic J. Content of beta-d glucan in cereal grains. Journal of Food Resarch and Nutrition 2006; 45:97-103.
43. Collins HM, Burton R A, Topping DL, Liao M, Bacic A, Fincher G. Variability in fine structures of noncellulosic cell wall polysaccharides from cereal grains: Potential importance in human health and nutrition. Cereal Chemistry 2010; 87:272-282.
44. Gebruers K, Dornez E, Boros D, Fras A, Dynkowska W, Bedo Z, Rakszegi M, Delcour J A, Courtin CM. Variation in the content of dietary fibre and components thereof in wheats in the health grain Diversity Screen. Journal Agriculcural Food Chemistry 2008; 56:9740-9749.
45. Dusel G, Kluge H, Glaser K, Simon O, Hartman G, Lengerken JV, Jeroch H. An investigation into the variability of extract viscosity of wheat. Relationship with the content of non-starch-polysaccharide fractions and metabolisable energy for broiler chickens. Archives Animal Nutrition 1997; 50:121-135.
46. Fengler AI, Marquardt RR. Water-soluble pentosans from rye: I. Isolation, partial purification, and characterization. Cereal Chemistry 1988; 65:291-297.
47. Rose SP, Tucker LA, Kettlewell PS, Collier JDA. Rapid tests of wheat nutritive value for growing chickens. Journal of Cereal Science 2001; 34:181-190.
48. Kırkpınar F, Taluğ AM, Erkek R, Hamarat Ş, Basmacıoğlu H. The total pentosan and viscosity relationship in wheat, triticale and oats. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 1997; 2:27-30.
49. Lopez HW, Leenhardt F, Coudray C, Remesy C. Minerals and phytic acid interactions: is it a real problem for human nutrition? International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2002; 37:727-739.
50. Rhou JR, Erdman JV. Phytic acid in health and disease. CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 1995; 35:495-508.
51. Carnovale E, Lugaro E, Lombardi-Boccia G. Phytic acid in faba bean and pea: effect on protein availability. Cereal Chemistry 1988; (65)2:114-117.
52. Graf E, Eaton JW. Supression of colonic cancer by diet-ary phitic acid. Nutrition and Cancer 1993; 19:11-19.
53. Harland BF, Morris ER. Phytate: a good or a bad food component? Nutrition Research 1995; 15:733-754.
54. Lolas GM, Palamidis N, Markakis P. The phytic acid-total phosphorus relationship in barley, oats, soybeans, and wheat. Cereal Chemistry 1976; 53:867-871.
55. Dost K, Tokul O. Determination of phytic acid in wheat and wheat products by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta 2006; 558:22-27.
2. OECD-FAO. Agricultural Outlook 2016-2025, OECD Publishing, Paris. OECD/FAO (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr_outlook-2016-en (accessed 06.03.2019).
3. Shewry PR, Powers S, Field JM, Fido RJ, Jones HD, Arnold GM, West J, Lazzeri PA, Barcelo P, Barro F, Tatham AS, Bekes F, Butow B, Darlington H. Comparative field performance over three years and two sites of transgenic wheat lines expressing HMW subunit transgenes. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 2006; 113:128-136.
4. Topping D. Cereal complex carbohydrates and their contribution to human health. Journal of Cereal Science 2007; 46:220-229.
5. Zijlstra RT, Ekpe ED, Casano MN, Patience JF. Variation in nutritional value of western Canadian feed ingredients for pigs. Proceedings 22nd Western Nutrition Conference. University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada, 2001;12-24.
6. Kim JC, Simmins PH, Mullan BP, Pluske JR. The digestible energy value of wheat for pigs, with special reference to the post-weaned animal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2005; 122: 257-287.
7. Preston CM, Mccracken KJ, Bedford MR. Effect of wheat content, fat source and enzyme supplementation on diet metabolisability and broiler performance. British Poultry Science 2001;42: 625-632.
8. Jones GPD, Taylor RD. The incorporation of whole grain into pelleted broiler chicken diets: production and physiological responses. British Poultry Science 2001;42: 477-483.
9. Pirgozliev VR, Birch CL, Rose SP, Kettlewell PS, Bedford MR. Chemical composition and the nutritive quality of different wheat cultivars for broiler chickens. British Poultry Science 2003; 44: 464-475.
10. Austin SC, Wiseman J, Chesson A. Influence of non-starch polysaccharides structure on the metabolisable energy of U.K. wheat fed to poultry. Journal of Cereal Science 1999; 29:77-88.
11. Gutiérrez-Alamo A, Pérez De Ayala P, Verstegen MWA, Den Hartog LA, Villamide MJ. Variability in Wheat: factors affecting its nutritional value. World Poultry Science Journal 2008; 64: 20-39.
12. Angus WJ, Wisemen J. Possibilities for change in nutritional value of wheat by modern plant breeding/gene technology. Proceedings of the 14th European Symposium on Poultry Nutrition, Lillehammer, Norway. World’s Poultry Science Association, Norwegian Branch, Oslo, Norway, 2003; 318-326.
13. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official method of analysis.16th ed, Washington, DC, USA. 1997.
14. Van Soest, PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Jou of Dairy Science 1991; 74:3583-3597.
15. Turkish Standard Institute, Animal Feeds-Metabolic Energy Determination (Chemical Method). TSI Nr: 9610, Ankara, Turkey, 1991.
16. Latta M, Eskin M. A Simple and rapid colorimetric method for phytate determination. Journal Agricultural and Food Chemistry 1980; 28:1313-1315.
17. Hashimoto S, Shogren MD, Pomeranz Y. Cereal pentosans: Their estimation and significance. I. Pentosans in wheat and milled wheat products. Cereal Chemistry 1987;64: 30-34.
18. Teitge DA, Campbell HL, Thacker PA. Heat pre-treatment as a means of improving the response to dietary pentosanase in chicks fed rye. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 1991;71: 507-513.
19. SPSS for Windows advanced statistics release 25. IBM, Chicago, IL, USA, 2016.
20. Güngör T, Başalan M, Aydoğan İ. The determination of nutrient contents and metabolizable energy levels of some grains and grain by-products produced in Kırıkkale region. Veterinary Journal of Ankara University 2007;54: 133-138.
21. Baran MS, Demirel R, Şentürk D, Şahin T, Yeşilbağ D. Determination of the feeding values of feedstuffs and mixed feeds used in the Southeastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2008;32: 449-455.
22. Kowieska A, Lubowicki R, Jaskowska I. Chemical composition and nutritional characteristics of several cereal grain. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica 2011;10: 37-50.
23. McDonald P, Edwards RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA, Sinclair LA, Wilkinson RG. Animal Nutrition, Seventh ed. Publisher: Benjamin Cummings; Harlow, England, 2011; ISBN-13: 978-1-4082-0423-8.
24. Koehler P, Wieser H. Chemistry of Cereal Grains. In: Gobbetti M, Ganzle M, editors. Handbook on Sourdough Biotechnology, Verlag: Springer US Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-5424-3, 2013; 11-45.
25. Yaghobfar A, Mirzaei S, Valizadeh H, Safamehr AR. Determination of Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) and Metabolizable Energy of Iran Wheat Varieties Fed to Poultry. Iranian Journal of Animal Research 2012; 4(1):25-31.
26. Khan I, Zeb A. Nutritional composition of Pakistani wheat varieties. J Zhejiang Univ Science 2007;B 8: 555-559.
27. Mikulioniene S, Balezentiene L. Responses of cereals grain quality on organical and conventional farming. Agronomy Research 2009; 7 (Special issue II):677-683.
28. Jaskulski D, Jaskulska I, Woźniak M, Osiński G. Assessment of variability of cereal grain quality as a component of fodder mixtures. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Series Agricultura 2011; 10:87-95.
29. Tabban ŞE, Ercan R. Pentosan content of main wheat varieties grown in Turkey. Gıda 2002; 27:435-442.
30. Brand TS, Cruywagen CW, Brandt DA, Viljoen M, Burger WW. Variation in the chemical composition, physical characteristics and energy values of cereal grains produced in the Western Cape area of South Africa. South African Journal Animal Science 2003; 33:117-126.
31. Grausgruber H, Scheiblauer J, Schönlechner R, Ruckenbauer P, Berghofer E (2004) Variability in chemical composition and biologically active constituents of cereals. Proceedings of the 17th Eucarpia General Congress, 8-11 September; Tulln, Austria: BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna Austria, p: 23-26.
32. Šramková Z, Gregováb E, Šturdíka E. Chemical composition and nutritional quality of wheat grain. Acta Chimica Slovaca 2009; 2:115-138.
33. Lacko-Bartošová M, Rédlová M. The significance of spelt wheat cultivated in ecological farming in the Slovak Republic. In: Proceeding of the conference “Organic farming 2007”, 6-7.2.2007, 2007;79-81.
34. Kim JC, Mullan BP, Simmins PH, Pluske JR. Variation in the chemical composition of wheats grown in Western Australia as influenced by variety, growing region, season and post-harvest storage. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 2003; 54: 541-550.
35. Galterio G, Codianni P, Giusti AM, Pezzarossa B, Cannella C. Assessment of the agronomic and technological characteristics of Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccum Schrank and T. spelta L. Nahrung/Food 2003;47: 54-59.
36. Hughes RJ, Choct M. Chemical and physical characteristics of grains related to variability in energy and amino acid availability in poultry. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 1999; 50:689-703.
37. Demirbas A. ß-Glucan and mineral nutrient contents of cereals grown in Turkey. Food Chemistry 2005; 90:773-777.
38. Kleese RA, Rasmusson DC, Smith LH. Genetic and environmental variation in mineral element accumulation in barley wheat and soybeans. Crop Science 1968; 8:591-593.
39. Zhao FJ, Su YH, Dunham SJ, Rakszegi M, Bedo Z, McGrath SP, Shewry PR. Variation in mineral micronutrient concentrations in grain of wheat lines of diverse origin. Journal of Cereal Science 2009; 49:290-295.
40. Nemeth C, Freeman J, Jones HD, Sparks C, Pellny TK, Wilkinson MD, Dunwell J, Andersson AAM, Åman P, Guillon F, Saulnier L, Mitchell RAC, Shewry PR. Down-regulation of the CSLF6 gene results in decreased (1,3;1,4)-β-D-glucan in endosperm of wheat. Plant Physiolgy 2010; 152:1209-1218.
41. Genç H, Ozdemir M, Demirbas A. Analysis of mixed-linked (1→3), (1→4)-β-d-glucans in cereal grain from Turkey. Food Chemistry 2001; 73:221-224.
42. Havrlentová M, Kraic J. Content of beta-d glucan in cereal grains. Journal of Food Resarch and Nutrition 2006; 45:97-103.
43. Collins HM, Burton R A, Topping DL, Liao M, Bacic A, Fincher G. Variability in fine structures of noncellulosic cell wall polysaccharides from cereal grains: Potential importance in human health and nutrition. Cereal Chemistry 2010; 87:272-282.
44. Gebruers K, Dornez E, Boros D, Fras A, Dynkowska W, Bedo Z, Rakszegi M, Delcour J A, Courtin CM. Variation in the content of dietary fibre and components thereof in wheats in the health grain Diversity Screen. Journal Agriculcural Food Chemistry 2008; 56:9740-9749.
45. Dusel G, Kluge H, Glaser K, Simon O, Hartman G, Lengerken JV, Jeroch H. An investigation into the variability of extract viscosity of wheat. Relationship with the content of non-starch-polysaccharide fractions and metabolisable energy for broiler chickens. Archives Animal Nutrition 1997; 50:121-135.
46. Fengler AI, Marquardt RR. Water-soluble pentosans from rye: I. Isolation, partial purification, and characterization. Cereal Chemistry 1988; 65:291-297.
47. Rose SP, Tucker LA, Kettlewell PS, Collier JDA. Rapid tests of wheat nutritive value for growing chickens. Journal of Cereal Science 2001; 34:181-190.
48. Kırkpınar F, Taluğ AM, Erkek R, Hamarat Ş, Basmacıoğlu H. The total pentosan and viscosity relationship in wheat, triticale and oats. Turkish Journal of Field Crops 1997; 2:27-30.
49. Lopez HW, Leenhardt F, Coudray C, Remesy C. Minerals and phytic acid interactions: is it a real problem for human nutrition? International Journal of Food Science and Technology 2002; 37:727-739.
50. Rhou JR, Erdman JV. Phytic acid in health and disease. CRC Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 1995; 35:495-508.
51. Carnovale E, Lugaro E, Lombardi-Boccia G. Phytic acid in faba bean and pea: effect on protein availability. Cereal Chemistry 1988; (65)2:114-117.
52. Graf E, Eaton JW. Supression of colonic cancer by diet-ary phitic acid. Nutrition and Cancer 1993; 19:11-19.
53. Harland BF, Morris ER. Phytate: a good or a bad food component? Nutrition Research 1995; 15:733-754.
54. Lolas GM, Palamidis N, Markakis P. The phytic acid-total phosphorus relationship in barley, oats, soybeans, and wheat. Cereal Chemistry 1976; 53:867-871.
55. Dost K, Tokul O. Determination of phytic acid in wheat and wheat products by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Analytica Chimica Acta 2006; 558:22-27.
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Mar 21, 2023
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Kırkpınar F, Ünlü HB, Mert S. Nutritional characteristics of some wheat varieties and evaluation for grain feed. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 21 [cited 2024 Nov. 5];25(1):e2023020. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/12673
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How to Cite
1.
Kırkpınar F, Ünlü HB, Mert S. Nutritional characteristics of some wheat varieties and evaluation for grain feed. Progr Nutr [Internet]. 2023 Mar. 21 [cited 2024 Nov. 5];25(1):e2023020. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/progressinnutrition/article/view/12673
