Excercise and Gastrointestinal Complaints, an Overview

Main Article Content

Nicola Sponsiello
Maurizio Salamone
Veronica Di Nardo
Francesca Busa
Nicolò Andreani

Keywords

gastrointestinal complaints, exercise, prevention

Abstract

Physical activity affects individual’s general health and can influence the gastrointestinal ecosystem. In athletes, various types of gastrointestinal problems can be observed linked to strenuous and continuous physical exercise. Overall, studies suggest that 30-50% of athletes suffer from such ailments. Recent studies have shown that it is possible to intervene through nutrition and food supplements to train the gut and support gastrointestinal health in athletes.

Abstract 280 | PDF Downloads 206

References

1) de Oliveira EP, Burini RC, Jeukendrup A. Gastrointestinal complaints during exercise: prevalence, etiology, and nutritional recommendations. Sports Med. 2014;44(Suppl 1):S79–85
2) Brouns F, Beckers E. Is the gut an athletic organ? Digestion, absorption and exercise. Sports Med. 1993;15:242–57
3) Moses FM. Exercise-associated intestinal ischemia. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2005;4:91–5.
4) van Wijck K, Lenaerts K, van Loon LJ, Peters WH, Buurman WA, Dejong CH. Exercise-induced splanchnic hypoperfusion results in gut dysfunction in healthy men. PLoS One. 2011
5) van Wijck K, Lenaerts K, Grootjans J, et al. Physiology and pathophysiology of splanchnic hypoperfusion and intestinal injury during exercise: strategies for evaluation and prevention. Am J Physiol. 2012;303:G155–68
6) Jeukendrup AE. Nutrition and endurance sports: running, cycling, triathlon. J Sports Sci. 2011;29:S91–9
7) Jeukendrup AE. Training the gut for athletes. Sports Med. 2017;47:101–10
8) Vandenbogaerde TJ, Hopkins WG. Effects of acute carbohydrate supplementation on endurance performance: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2011;41:773–92
9) Smith JW, Pascoe DD, Passe DH, et al. Curvilinear dose-response relationship of carbohydrate (0–120 g h(-1)) and performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45:336–41
10) Jeukendrup AE, Moseley L. Multiple transportable carbohydrates enhance gastric emptying and fluid delivery. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010;20:112–21
11) Jäger et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition. Position Stand: Probiotics Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition 2019;16:62
12) Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, et al. Expert consensus document. The international scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11:506–14
13) Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson-Meyer DE, Peeling P, Phillips SM, Rawson ES, Walsh NP, Garthe I, Geyer H, et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52:439–55
14) Duranti S, Ferrario C, van Sinderen D, Ventura M, Turroni F. Obesity and microbiota: an example of an intricate relationship. Genes Nutr. 2017;12:18
15) Gibson GR, Hutkins R, Sanders ME, Prescott SL, Reimer RA, Salminen SJ, Scott K, Stanton C, Swanson KS, Cani PD, Verbeke K, Reid G. Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of prebiotics. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Aug;14(8):491-502. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.75. Epub 2017 Jun 14. PMID: 28611480
16) Clark A, Mach N. Exercise-induced stress behavior, gut-microbiota-brain axis and diet: a systematic review for athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016 Nov 24;13:43. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0155-6. PMID: 27924137; PMCID: PMC5121944
17) Barton W, Penney NC, Cronin O, Garcia-Perez I, Molloy MG, Holmes E, Shanahan F, Cotter PD, O'Sullivan O. The microbiome of professional athletes differs from that of more sedentary subjects in composition and particularly at the functional metabolic level. Gut. 2018;67:625–33
18) Kim MH, Kim H. The Roles of Glutamine in the Intestine and Its Implication in Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 May 12;18(5):1051. doi: 10.3390/ijms18051051. PMID: 28498331; PMCID: PMC5454963
19) Cruzat V, Macedo Rogero M, Noel Keane K, Curi R, Newsholme P. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients. 2018 Oct 23;10(11):1564. doi: 10.3390/nu10111564. PMID: 30360490; PMCID: PMC6266414
20) Allen JM, Mailing LJ, Niemiro GM, Moore R, Cook MD, White BA, Holscher HD, Woods JA. Exercise alters gut microbiota composition and function in lean and obese humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50:747–57
21) Rawson ES, Miles MP, Larson-Meyer DE. Dietary supplements for health, adaptation, and recovery in athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2018;28: 188–99
22) Lamprecht M, Bogner S, Schippinger G, Steinbauer K, Fankhauser F, Hallstroem S, Schuetz B, Greilberger JF. Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2012;9:45
23) Nazemian V, Shadnoush M, Manaheji H, Zaringhalam J. Probiotics and 70. inflammatory pain: a literature review study. Middle East J Rehab Health. 2016;3:e36087
24) Muhamad A, Gleeson M. Effects of a 14-strain probiotics supplement on salivary antimicrobial proteins at rest and in reponse to an acute bout of prolonged exercise. Int J Sports Sci. 2014;4:60–6.
25) Sponsiello N, Belgeri S, Conte R, Carandini D, Salamone M. Prevention of acute GI disturbances with a functional food formulation designed to support and maintain intestinal barrier function during sports performance Progress in Nutrition 2015; Vol. 17, N. 4: 317-313