Ifattori della biodiversità incombono realmente sulle preferenze dai consumatori?
Keywords:
Formaggi, blind test, preferenza, scelta, consumatore, Cheese, preferences, decision making, consumersAbstract
RiassuntoNel 2006, è stato condotto uno studio per capire come i prodotti caratterizzati dai fattori della biodiversità quali le essenze foraggere, la caseificazione, il latte intero crudo, le attrezzature, il caglio naturale, venissero valutati dal consumatore quando questi non fosse in grado di identificare il prodotto in degustazione. Prodotti caseari a manifattura tradizionale sono stati confrontati con prodotti a manifattura industriale. Nella maggior parte dei casi i consumatori preferivano i prodotti della biodiversità attribuendo delle valutazioni migliori (p< 0,01). Per gli industriali quali il latte, la scelta dicotomica presentava percentuali inferiori (UHT = 57% vs Pastorizzato 43%) rispetto ai tradizionali (es: Formaggio a latte crudo = 73% vs Formaggio a latte pastorizzato = 27%). Quindi, i prodotti a manifattura industriale se proposti al consumatore senza il marchio (es: galbani), il packaging che possa renderli facilmente riconoscibili (es: lattina rossa-coca cola) o la descrizione delle qualità intrinseche, non possiedono componenti qualitative/aromatiche tali da indurre il consumatore a una scelta forte tra i prodotti a confronto e a una valutazione precisa in termini di gradevolezza. Invece i prodotti della biodiversità a confronto con gli industriali ottengono valutazioni migliori grazie alle loro caratteristiche qualitative facilmente riconoscibili alla percezione del consumatore a prescindere dalla presenza di elementi estrinseci.
Do biodiversity factors really affect consumer preferences?
Summary
In the 2006, a study was carried out on consumers’ preference and evaluation of food products linked to the biodiversity factors such as: pasture, cheese making, raw milk, traditional tools, and natural rennet. The aim was to show how consumers evaluated these products independently from their knowledge about the identity of the food they tasted. Dairy products obtained with traditional method of productions were compared to those obtained with industrial methods of production. For almost all the products in comparison, preferences and evaluations of the consumers were in favour of food highly related to the biodiversity (p<0.01). Concerning industrialized food, e.g. milk, the preference between the two products even if it is significant (UHT = 57% vs Pasteurized = 43%) is not as much strong as between traditional and industrial products (e.g.: cheese produced with raw milk = 73% vs cheese produced with pasteurized milk = 27%). This result invigorates the idea that industrial productions exposed without brand (e.g.: galbani), packaging that allows the product to be recognizable (e.g.: red can-coke) or description of the internal cues, do not have qualitative features able to influence consumers to clearly indicate preferences and likeness. On the contrary, food linked to the biodiversity is better evaluated than industrial products thanks to their qualitative components that are immediately recognizable by the consumers, independently from the presence of external cues.
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