Mesothelioma Risk Among Maritime Workers According to Job Title: Data From the Italian Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM)
Contenuto principale dell'articolo
Keywords
Abstract
The study describes the 466 cases of malignant mesotheliomas (MM) collected by the National Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM) in Italy in the period 1993-2018 relating to subjects with exclusive asbestos exposure in merchant or military navy. The cases among maritime workers represent 1.8% of the total cases with defined exposure registred in the ReNaM, of which 212 cases (45.4%) among merchant maritime workers and 254 cases (54.5%) among navy. The distribution by site of mesothelioma showed 453 (97.2%) MM cases of the pleura, 11 (2.3%) of the peritoneum and 2 (0.4%) of the tunica vaginalis of the testis. With regard to occupational exposure, it was classified as certain in 318 (68.2%) cases, probable in 69 (14.8%) cases and possible in 79 (16.9%) cases. Among the 23 classified jobs, the highest percentages of certain exposures are among naval engineers, motor mechanics, machine captains and sailors. Machine crew accounted for 49.3% of the cases, deck crew for 27.6%. All cases began exposure on board between 1926 and 1988. Seamen were exposed to asbestos while at sea by virtue of living onboard ships and from continual release of asbestos fibers due to the motion of a vessel. Epidemiological surveillance through the ReNaM has allowed us to verify among cases in the maritime, navy and merchant marine sectors, that in the past, subjects were exposed regardless of the ship's department where have provided service therefore all these cases must be considered as occupational diseases.
Riferimenti bibliografici
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6. Van De Graaff J, Poole JA. A Clinician's Guide to Occupational Exposures in the Military. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2022 Dec;22(12):259-264. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-022-01051-0
7. Fleischer We, Viles Fj Jr, et al. A health survey of pipe covering operations in constructing naval vessels. J Ind Hyg Toxicol. 1946 Jan;28:9-16.
8. Rushworth DH. (2005) The Navy and asbestos thermal insulation. Naval Eng J; 35-48. Spring 2005.
9. Williams PR, Phelka AD, Paustenbach DJ. A review of historical exposures to asbestos among skilled craftsmen (1940-2006). J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2007;10(5):319-77. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10937400601034191
10. Lemen RA, Landrigan PJ. Sailors and the Risk of Asbestos-Related Cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 9;18(16):8417. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168417
11. Jones RN, Diem JE, Ziskand MM, Rodriguez M, Weill H. Radiographic evidence of asbestos effects in American ma-rine engineers. J Occup Med. 1984;26(4):281-4.
12. Velonakis EG, Tsorva A, Tzonou A, Trichopoulos D. Asbestos-related chest X-ray changes among Greek merchant marine seamen. Am J Ind Med. 1989;15(5):511-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700150504
13. Selikoff IJ, Lilis R, Levin G. Asbestotic radiological abnormalities among United States merchant marine seamen. Br J Ind Med. 1990;47(5):292-7. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.47.5.292
14. Darby SC, Muirhead CR, Doll R, Kendall GM, Thakrar B. Mortality among United Kingdom servicemen who served abroad in the 1950s and 1960s. Br J Ind Med. 1990;47(12):793-804. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.47.12.793
15. Varouchakis G, Velonakis EG, Amfilochiou S, Trichopoulos D. Asbestos in strange places: two case reports of mes-othelioma among merchant seamen. Am J Ind Med. 1991;19(5):673-6. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700190511
16. Pukkala E, Saarni H. Cancer incidence among Finnish seafarers, 1967-92. Cancer Causes Control. 1996;7(2):231-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00051299
17. Andersen A, Barlow L, Engeland A, et al. Work-related cancer in the Nordic countries. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1999;25 Suppl 2:1-116.
18. Saarni H, Pentti J, Pukkala E. Cancer at sea: a case-control study among male Finnish seafarers. Occup Environ Med. 2002;59(9):613-9. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.9.613
19. Hemminki K, Li X. Time trends and occupational risk factors for pleural mesothelioma in Sweden. J Occup Environ Med. 2003;45(4):456-61. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000058341.05741.7e
20. Kaerlev L, Hansen J, Hansen HL, Nielsen PS. Cancer incidence among Danish seafarers: a population based co-hort study. Occup Environ Med. 2005;62(11):761-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.020818
21. Forsell K, Hageberg S, Nilsson R. Lung cancer and mesothelioma among engine room crew--case reports with risk assessment of previous and ongoing exposure to carcinogens. Int Marit Health. 2007;58(1-4):5-13.
22. Forsell K, Eriksson H, Järvholm B, Lundh M, Andersson E, Nilsson R. Work environment and safety climate in the Swedish merchant fleet. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2017;90(2):161-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1180-0
23. Ugelvig Petersen K, Lyngbeck Hansen H, Kaerlev L, Hansen J. Turning the tide: reducing mortality among Danish merchant seafarers. Occup Environ Med. 2020;77(11):761-768. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106427
24. Ugelvig Petersen K, Pukkala E, Martinsen JI, et al. Cancer incidence among seafarers and fishermen in the Nordic countries. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2020;46(5):461-468. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3879
25. Ugelvig Petersen K, Volk J, Kaerlev L, Lyngbeck Hansen H, Hansen J. Cancer incidence among merchant seafarers: an extended follow-up of a Danish cohort. Occup Environ Med. 2018;75(8):582-585. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105037
26. Strand LA, Martinsen JI, Koefoed VF, Sommerfelt-Pettersen J, Grimsrud TK. Asbestos-related cancers among 28,300 military servicemen in the Royal Norwegian Navy. Am J Ind Med. 2010;53(1):64-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20778
27. Rafnsson V, Gunnarsdóttir H. Cancer incidence among seamen in Iceland. Am J Ind Med. 1995;27(2):187-93. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700270204
28. Rafnsson V, Jóhannesdóttir SG, Oddsson H, Benediktsson H, Tulinius H, Magnússon G. Mortality and cancer inci-dence among marine engineers and machinists in Iceland. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1988;14(3):197-200. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1931
29. Pukkala E, Martinsen JI, Lynge E, et al. Occupation and cancer – follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries. Acta Oncol. 2009;48(5):646-790. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02841860902913546
30. Roggli VL, Sharma A, Butnor KJ, Sporn T, Vollmer RT. Malignant mesothelioma and occupational exposure to as-bestos: a clinicopathological correlation of 1445 cases. Ultrastruct Pathol. 2002;26(2):55-65. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/01913120252959227
31. Hemminki K, Försti A, Chen T, Hemminki A. Incidence, mortality and survival in malignant pleural mesothelioma before and after asbestos in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. BMC Cancer. 2021;21(1):1189. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08913-2
32. Forsell K, Björ O, Eriksson H, Järvholm B, Nilsson R, Andersson E. Cancer incidence in a cohort of Swedish mer-chant seafarers between 1985 and 2011. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2022;95(5):1103-1111. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01828-2
33. Boice JD, Cohen SS, Mumma MT, et al. Mortality among U.S. military participants at eight aboveground nuclear weapons test series. Int J Radiat Biol. 2022;98(4):679-700. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2020.1787543
34. Till JE, Beck HL, Boice JD Jr, Mohler HJ, Mumma MT, Aanenson JW, Grogan HA. Asbestos exposure and mesotheli-oma mortality among atomic veterans. Int J Radiat Biol. 2022;98(4):781-785. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2018.1551641
35. Rapiti E, Turi E, Forastiere F, et al. A mortality cohort study of seamen in Italy. Am J Ind Med. 1992;21(6):863-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700210609
36. Giarelli L, Bianchi C, Grandi G. Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura in Trieste, Italy. Am J Ind Med. 1992;22(4):521-30. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700220407
37. Bianchi C, Bianchi T, Grandi G. Malignant mesothelioma of the pleura among seafarers. Med Lav. 2005;96(6):490-5.
38. Mensi C, Canti Z, Rivolta G, Riboldi L, Chiappino G. Il mesotelioma maligno nelle professioni marittime [Malignant mesothelioma in the maritime professions]. Med Lav. 2006;97(1):82.
39. Filon FL, Negro C, De Michieli P, Bovenzi M. Rischio cancerogeno da amianto nella marineria civile [Asbestos re-lated cancers in seamen]. G Ital Med Lav Ergon. 2013;35(4):206-10. Italian.
40. Nesti M, Adamoli S, Ammirabile F, et al. Linee Guida per la Rilevazione e la Definizione dei casi di Mesothelioma Maligno e la Trasmissione delle Informazioni all’ISPESL da parte dei Centri Operativi Regionali; ISPESL: Roma, Italy, 2003.
41. ISTAT https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/262125 (Last Accessed on 20 February, 2023).
42. ISTAT https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/18132 (Last Accessed on 20 February, 2023).
43. DECRETO DEL PRESIDENTE DELLA REPUBBLICA 18 febbraio 1963, n. 678 Modifiche ad alcuni articoli del re-golamento del Codice della navigazione, concernenti la disciplina dei titoli professionali. (GU n.136 del 24-5-1963)
44. CONTRATTO COLLETTIVO NAZIONALE DI LAVORO PER IL SETTORE PRIVATO DELL’INDUSTRIA ARMATORIALE https://www.filtcgil.it/images/Contratti/Mare/ccnl-marittimi.pdf (Last Accessed on February 20, 2023).
45. Spinazzè A, Consonni D, Borghi, et al. Asbestos Exposure in Patients with Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in-cluded in the PRIMATE Study, Lombardy, Italy. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:3390. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063390
46. Il registro nazionale dei mesoteliomi VII rapporto INAil 2021 https://www.inail.it/cs/internet/docs/alg-pubbl-il-registro-nazionale-mesoteliomi-settimo-rapporto.pdf (Last Accessed on February 20, 2023).
47. Kelman HR, Kavaler F. Mortality patterns of American merchant seamen 1973-1978. Am J Ind Med. 1990;17(4):423-33. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700170402
48. Harries PG. Asbestos dust concentrations in ship repairing: a practical approach to improving asbestos hygiene in naval dockyards. Ann Occup Hyg. 1971;14:241-54. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/14.3.241
49. International Maritime Organization. Asbestos on board ships2019 10.04.2019. Available from: https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Safety/Pages/Asbestos.aspx (Last Accessed on 20 February, 2023).
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Vimercati L, Cavone D, Negrisolo O, Pentimone F, De Maria L, Caputi A, et al. Mesothelioma Risk Among Maritime Workers According to Job Title: Data From the Italian Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM). Med Lav [Internet]. 2023 Oct. 24 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];114(5):e2023038. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/14927
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Come citare
1.
Vimercati L, Cavone D, Negrisolo O, Pentimone F, De Maria L, Caputi A, et al. Mesothelioma Risk Among Maritime Workers According to Job Title: Data From the Italian Mesothelioma Register (ReNaM). Med Lav [Internet]. 2023 Oct. 24 [cited 2024 Jul. 18];114(5):e2023038. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/lamedicinadellavoro/article/view/14927
