Infective endocarditis secondary to Peptoniphilus Indolicus and Corynebacterium: an amalgamation
Keywords:
Infective endocarditis, emboli, abcess, corynebacterium, native valve, pacemakerAbstract
Corynebacterium or diphtheroid's are gram-positive aerobic, pleomorphic skin and mucosal membrane components that are not pathogenic in nature. Peptostreptococcus indolicus belongs to the Peptostreptococcus genus and is a Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci (GPAC). Less than one percent of endocarditis is caused by gram-positive anaerobic bacteria. We report the first case of Peptoniphilus indolicus and Corynebacterium endocarditis in a patient with native valves and a pacemaker. In time, diagnosis of a Peptoniphilus indolicus infection can lead to early management of the infection and a decreased incidence of serious complications such as embolization or abscess formation. The combination of aggressive antibiotic administration and surgical intervention can significantly decrease morbidity and mortality. This case report will highlight the importance of Peptoniphilus infective endocarditis, ultimately leading to better diagnostic strategies and management.
References
Kim R, Reboli AC. Other Coryneform Bacteria and Rhodococci. In Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Vol. 2. Elsevier Inc. 2014. p. 2373-2382.e4 doi: 10.1016/B978-1-4557-4801-3.00207-1.
Brazier J, Chmelar D, Dubreuil L, et al. European surveillance study on antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31(4):316-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.11.006.
E. Rodriguez-Cavallini, P. Vargas, C. Rodriguez, et al. Phenotypic identification of over 1000 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered between 1999 and 2008 in a major. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011 Jul;17(7):1043-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03419.x. Epub 2011 Feb 3. PMID: 21722256.
Dowd SE, Sun Y, Secor PR, et al. Survey of bacterial diversity in chronic wounds using Pyrosequencing, DGGE, and full ribosome shotgun sequencing. BMC Microbiology. 2008; Mar 6;8:43. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-8-43. PMID: 18325110; PMCID: PMC2289825.
La Scola B, Fournier PE, Raoult D. Burden of emerging anaerobes in the MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequencing era. Anaerobe. 2011 Jun;17(3):106-12. doi:106–12. 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2011.05.010
Berbari E, Cockerill F, Steckelberg J. Infective endocarditis due to unusual or fastidious microorganisms. Mayo Clin Proc. 1997, 72:532-542. doi:10.4065/72.6.532
Murray B, Karchmer A, Moellering R: Diphtheroid prosthetic valve endocarditis: a study of clinical features and infecting organisms. Am J Med. 1980, 69:838-848. doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(80)80009-x
Tiley SM, Kociuba KR, Heron LG, Munro R. Infective endocarditis due to nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae: report of seven cases and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1993 Feb;16(2):271-5. doi: 10.1093/clind/16.2.271. PMID: 8443306.
Kestler M, Muñoz P, Marín M, et al. Endocarditis caused by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe, 47, 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.04.002
Baddour LM, Wilson WR, Bayer AS, et al. Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications: A Scientific Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association.2015;132(15):1435-1486. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000296
Leblebicioglu H, Yilmaz H, Tasova Y, et al. Characteristics and analysis of risk factors for mortality in infective endocarditis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2006;21(1):25-31. doi: 10.1007/s10654-005-4724-2. PMID: 16450203.
Holland TL, Baddour LM, Bayer AS, Hoen B, Miro JM, Fowler VG Jr. Infective endocarditis. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16059. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.59
Dowd SE, Wolcott RD, Sun Y, McKeehan T, Smith E, Rhoads D. Polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). PLoS One. 2008 Oct 3;3(10):e3326. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003326. PMID: 18833331; PMCID: PMC2556099.
Wolcott RD, Gontcharova V, Sun Y, Dowd SE. Evaluation of the bacterial diversity among and within individual venous leg ulcers using bacterial tag-encoded FLX and titanium amplicon pyrosequencing and metagenomic approaches. BMC Microbiol. 2009 Oct 27;9:226. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-226. PMID: 19860898; PMCID: PMC2773781.
Smith DM, Snow DE, Rees E, et al. Evaluation of the bacterial diversity of pressure ulcers using bTEFAP pyrosequencing. BMC medical genomics 2010 Sep 21;3:41. doi: 10.1186/1755-8794-3-41
Walter G, Vernier M, Pinelli PO, et al. Bone and joint infections due to anaerobic bacteria: an analysis of 61 cases and review of the literature. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(8):1355-1364. doi:10.1007/s10096-014-2073-3
Dowd SE, Wolcott RD, Sun Y, McKeehan T, Smith E, Rhoads D. Polymicrobial nature of chronic diabetic foot ulcer biofilm infections determined using bacterial tag encoded FLX amplicon pyrosequencing (bTEFAP). PLoS One. 2008 Oct 3;3(10):e3326. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003326. PMID: 18833331; PMCID: PMC2556099.
Murphy EC, Frick IM. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci--commensals and opportunistic pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2013 Jul;37(4):520-53. doi: 10.1111/1574-6976.12005. Epub 2012 Nov 15. PMID: 23030831.
Murdoch DA. Gram-positive anaerobic cocci. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998 Jan;11(1):81-120. doi: 10.1128/CMR.11.1.81. PMID: 9457430; PMCID: PMC121377.
Cone LA, Battista BA, Shaeffer CW Jr. Endocarditis due to Peptostreptococcus anaerobius: case report and literature review of peptostreptococcal endocarditis. J Heart Valve Dis. 2003;12(3):411-413.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Madeeha Subhan Waleed, Waleed Sadiq, Milena Alex, Radhika Pathalapati, Shahzad Ahmed
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers.
Authors retain the copyright for their published work. No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.