“Hijrah Medicine”: a study of the transition of medicine from general to Islamic-based medicine in Indonesia
Main Article Content
Keywords
medicine, anthropology of health, hijrah, Islam
Abstract
Thibbun Nabawi medicine, or Islam-based medicine, is growing more popular in Indonesia. Historically, Islamic medicine practitioners were restricted to Islamic communities and had a profound grasp of religion. Persons with higher levels of education and social position are currently the most frequent users of Islam-based medicine. Hijrah medication is crucial for achieving holistic health and keeping good health with natural human defenses against illnesses that are carried out holistically and trusted by the users. The decision to treat according to Islam was made because the Muslim community was aware of the necessity and was committed to reviving the Prophetic thibbun medicine that the Prophet Muhammad SAW had gained thousands of years prior.
The purpose of this article is to identify the motivations behind people's decisions to diagnose, treat, and heal illnesses using "hijrah medicine" based on Islamic teachings. Medical care is something that everyone, especially Muslims, should consider when they are sick in order to recover and always get closer to Allah SWT. The approach used was a qualitative literature study with a health anthropology viewpoint and practical theory drawn from a literature review of earlier research relevant to this topic. The results of this study demonstrate that faith-based therapy typically has no side effects, and individuals prefer it because of its high level of trustworthiness and negligible adverse effects. Additionally, the price is acceptable when weighed against the price of medicines. The people who preceded them used Islamic alternative medicine, using herbal remedies like honey, habbatussauda, olive oil, cupping, and ruqyah to alleviate diseases. This study's conclusion is that practicing "hijrah medicine" medical care based on Islamic principles can be effective in curing diseases.
References
1. Al-Rumkhani A, Al-Razgan M, Al-Faris A. TibbOnto: Knowledge representation of Prophet medicine (Tibb Al-Nabawi). Procedia Computer Science 2016: 82:138–42.
2. Foster GM, Anderson. Medical anthropology. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1978.
3. Harahap J. Fadhillah Tumbuhan herbal dan perubatan Islam. Prosedings Scientific Conference III Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia UKM. Selangor Malaysia: Building Scientific Culture, Creating Expertise, Establishing Network; 2008.
4. Harahap J. Pemanfaatan bunga rosela sebagai obat: sebuah tinjauan antropologi kesehatan ditinjau dari perspektif farmasi. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology. 1: Supplement 1; 2017: 44–9.
5. Harahap J. Culture and sprituality in health treatment using honey. Proceedings ISoLEC, 2020; 4, 1: 31–2.
6. Harahap J. Bekam treatment: Cheap, holistic and changes paradigm. Procedings 2nd International Conference on Global Trends in AcademicAdvances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 84101 Research. Full Paper Proceeding GTAR-2015; 2015, 2 :253–7.
7. Sarwono S. Sosiologi kesehatan: Beberapa konsep beserta aplikasinya. Yogyakata: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2007.
8. Kalangie NS. Kebudayaan dan kesehatan: Pengembangan pelayanan kesehatan primer melalui pendekatan sosiobudaya. Jakarta: Megapoin, Kesaint Blanc Indah; 1994.
9. Bhasin V. Medical anthropology: A review. Studies on Ethno-Medicine 2007; 1(1): 1–20.
10. Yanti I, Hengky HK, Muin H. Kebiasaan masyarakat dalam memilih pengobatan alternatif terhadap suatu penyakit di desa Samaulue kecamatan Lanrisang kabupaten Pinrang. Jurnal Ilmiah Manusia dan Kesehatan 2021; 4, 1:146–55.
11. Novianti E, Dida S, Lusiana E. Pola komunikasi dan citra thibbun nabawi sebagai. pengobatan tradisional. Media Bina Ilmiah; 2020; 14(7): 2927–38.
12. Alawiah N. Praktik pengobatan thibbun Nabawi dengan cara bekam, herbal dan terapi komplementer pada penderita penyakit kronis: Kajian living hadīs di Balai Pengobatan Rumah Sehat Cordova, Tawang, Tasikmalaya. Skripsi Program Studi Ilmu Hadis Fakultas Ushuluddin Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung; 2020.
13. Zörgő S, Purebl G, Zana Á. A qualitative study of culturally embedded factors in complementary and alternative medicine use. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18, 25: 1–11.
14. Kessler RC, Davis RB, Foster DF, Van Rompay MI, Walters EE, Wilkey SA, Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Long-term trends in the use of complementary and alternative medical therapies in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2001; 21;135(4):262–8.
15. Mulyana D, Ganiem LM. Komunikasi kesehatan. Jakarta: Kencana; 2021.
16. Padela AI, Curlin FA. Religion and disparities: Considering the Influences of Islam on the Health of American Muslims. Journal of Religion and Health 2013; 52: 1333–45.
17. Junaedi. Komunikasi kesehatan sebuah pengantar komprehensif. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group; 2018.
18. Chamsi-Pasha H, Albar MA. Doctor-patient relationship. Islamic perspective. Saudi Med J. 2016; Feb;37(2):121–6.
19. Sudarma. Sosiologi kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Medika; 2008.
20. Wolf CPJG, Rachow T, Ernst T, Hochhaus A, Zomorodbakhsch B, Foller S, Rengsberger M, Hartmann M, Huebner J. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) supplements in cancer outpatients: analyses of usage and of interaction risks with cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148: 1123–35.
21. Horneber M, Bueschel G, Dennert G, Less D, Ritter E, Zwahlen M. How many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine: a systematic review and metaanalysis. integrative cancer therapies. 2012; 11(3):187–203.
22. Ardiansyah, Palembang MH. Perkembangan obat dan pengobatan tradisional dalam kesehatan masyarakat dan pemanfaatannya di rumah sakit. Kementerian Kesehatan Direktorat Jenderal Pelayanan Kesehatan. (2022, May 23) Retrieved from https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/13/perkembangan-obat-dan-pengobatan-tradisional-dalam-kesehatan-masyarakat-dan-pemanfaatannya-di-rumah-sakit
23. Hakim S, Ismail S.A. Thibbun Nabawi tinjauan syari’at dan medis. Depok: Gema Insani; 2020.
24. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. Handbook of qualitative research. Sage Publications, Inc; 1994.
25. Hennink M, Hutter I, Bailey A. Qualitative research methods. Sage Pub; 2020.
26. Sarmanu. Dasar metodologi penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan statistik. Airlangga University Press; 2017.
27. Marshall C, Rossman G. Designing qualitative research. Sage Pub; 1999.
28. Bourdieu P. Arena produksi kultural sebuah kajian sosiologi budaya. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana; 2010.
29. Bourdieu P. The rules of art: Genesis and structure of the literary field. Stanford: University Press; 1996.
30. Larasati TA, Wicaksono TW. Mekanisme bekam sebagai terapi alternatif dalam menurunkan hipertensi. Majority: Medical Journal of Lampung University 2016; 5, 2: 112–9.
31. Ihsan M. Pengobatan ala Rasulullah SAW sebagai pendekatan antropologis dalam dakwah Islamiah di desa Rensing Kecamatan Sakra Barat. Palapa: Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan 2016;. 4(2): 152–210.
32. Friyadi A. Studi analisis hadis tib al-Nabawi dan signifikansinya dalam kesehatan tubuh. Jurnal Studi Hadis Nusantara 2021; 3(2): 163–73.
33. Priani SE. The immunostimulant activity of tibb an-Nabawi natural products: A literature review. Kajian beberapa bahan alam berbasis thibbun Nabawi yang memiliki aktivitas peningkat imunitas. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi (Scientific Journal of Pharmacy)2021; 17(1): 46–55.
34. Harahap J. Maternal Health Through the use of herbal medicines and traditional medicinal plants for public health and ancestral culture. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2022; 10(E):1617–22.
35. Fatahilah M. Klinik pengobatan thibbun Nabawi di kota Pontianak. Jurnal online mahasiswa Arsitektur Universitas Tanjungpura 2016; 4(2): 108–18.
36. Derahman Z, Athirah, MBN, Yasinah AR. Determinant factors of consumers’ intention to eat at halal certified restaurant. International Journal Management Applied Science 2017; 3 (11): 20 87–94.
37. Balick MJ, Cox PA. Plants, people, and culture: The science of ethnobotany (2nd ed.). Garland Science; 2020.
38. Bourdieu P. Distinction, a social critique of the judgement of taste. Translated Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1984.
39. Al-Jauziyah IQ. Metode pengobatan Nabi SAW. Jakarta: Griya Ilmu; 2007.
40. Suarni. Sejarah hijrah dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an. Al-Mu‘ashirah 2016; 13(2):144–56.
41. Al-Jauziyah IQ. Pengobatan nabi cara nabi mengobati berbagai penyakit. Bandung: Jabal; 2018.
42. Muflih A. Pengobatan dalam Islam. Makassar: Tesis Magister dalam Bidang Tafsir Hadis pada Program Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin; 2013.
43. Kudriah K, Zaidi M, Nurrohmah N. Madu dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi penafsiran Qs. An-Nahl : 68-69). Al Muhafidz: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 2021; 1(2):121–35.
44. Syamsuriah, S. Peran media dalam berdakwah di era moderen. Jurnal Ilmiah Islamic Resources 2020; 17(1): 47–55.
45. Ikhwan S, Wafi MH. Internet and religious identity construction: Jurus sehat Rasulullah (JSR) da’i Zaidul Akbar. Jurnal Dakwah Risalah 2021; 32(2): 184–98.
46. Mustika D. Metode dakwah Rasulullah SAW dalam menyehatkan ummat. Ath Thariq Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 2018; 2(2): 423–51.
47. Rosmalina A, Khaerunnisa T. Sejarah perawatan rohani Islam pada masa Nabi Muhammad tahun 570-632 Masehi. Tamaddun: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam 2021; 9 (2): 711–22.
48. Al-Rawi S, Fetters MD. Traditional Arabic & Islamic medicine: A conceptual model for clinicians and researchers. Glob J Health Sci 2021; 4(3): 164–9.
49. Harahap, J. Evolution of health care in Indonesia. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Issue Atlantis Press 2016: 100–2.
2. Foster GM, Anderson. Medical anthropology. New York: John Wiley & Sons; 1978.
3. Harahap J. Fadhillah Tumbuhan herbal dan perubatan Islam. Prosedings Scientific Conference III Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia UKM. Selangor Malaysia: Building Scientific Culture, Creating Expertise, Establishing Network; 2008.
4. Harahap J. Pemanfaatan bunga rosela sebagai obat: sebuah tinjauan antropologi kesehatan ditinjau dari perspektif farmasi. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology. 1: Supplement 1; 2017: 44–9.
5. Harahap J. Culture and sprituality in health treatment using honey. Proceedings ISoLEC, 2020; 4, 1: 31–2.
6. Harahap J. Bekam treatment: Cheap, holistic and changes paradigm. Procedings 2nd International Conference on Global Trends in AcademicAdvances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Volume 84101 Research. Full Paper Proceeding GTAR-2015; 2015, 2 :253–7.
7. Sarwono S. Sosiologi kesehatan: Beberapa konsep beserta aplikasinya. Yogyakata: Gadjah Mada University Press; 2007.
8. Kalangie NS. Kebudayaan dan kesehatan: Pengembangan pelayanan kesehatan primer melalui pendekatan sosiobudaya. Jakarta: Megapoin, Kesaint Blanc Indah; 1994.
9. Bhasin V. Medical anthropology: A review. Studies on Ethno-Medicine 2007; 1(1): 1–20.
10. Yanti I, Hengky HK, Muin H. Kebiasaan masyarakat dalam memilih pengobatan alternatif terhadap suatu penyakit di desa Samaulue kecamatan Lanrisang kabupaten Pinrang. Jurnal Ilmiah Manusia dan Kesehatan 2021; 4, 1:146–55.
11. Novianti E, Dida S, Lusiana E. Pola komunikasi dan citra thibbun nabawi sebagai. pengobatan tradisional. Media Bina Ilmiah; 2020; 14(7): 2927–38.
12. Alawiah N. Praktik pengobatan thibbun Nabawi dengan cara bekam, herbal dan terapi komplementer pada penderita penyakit kronis: Kajian living hadīs di Balai Pengobatan Rumah Sehat Cordova, Tawang, Tasikmalaya. Skripsi Program Studi Ilmu Hadis Fakultas Ushuluddin Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung; 2020.
13. Zörgő S, Purebl G, Zana Á. A qualitative study of culturally embedded factors in complementary and alternative medicine use. BMC Complement Altern Med 2018; 18, 25: 1–11.
14. Kessler RC, Davis RB, Foster DF, Van Rompay MI, Walters EE, Wilkey SA, Kaptchuk TJ, Eisenberg DM. Long-term trends in the use of complementary and alternative medical therapies in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2001; 21;135(4):262–8.
15. Mulyana D, Ganiem LM. Komunikasi kesehatan. Jakarta: Kencana; 2021.
16. Padela AI, Curlin FA. Religion and disparities: Considering the Influences of Islam on the Health of American Muslims. Journal of Religion and Health 2013; 52: 1333–45.
17. Junaedi. Komunikasi kesehatan sebuah pengantar komprehensif. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group; 2018.
18. Chamsi-Pasha H, Albar MA. Doctor-patient relationship. Islamic perspective. Saudi Med J. 2016; Feb;37(2):121–6.
19. Sudarma. Sosiologi kesehatan. Jakarta: Penerbit Salemba Medika; 2008.
20. Wolf CPJG, Rachow T, Ernst T, Hochhaus A, Zomorodbakhsch B, Foller S, Rengsberger M, Hartmann M, Huebner J. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) supplements in cancer outpatients: analyses of usage and of interaction risks with cancer treatment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148: 1123–35.
21. Horneber M, Bueschel G, Dennert G, Less D, Ritter E, Zwahlen M. How many cancer patients use complementary and alternative medicine: a systematic review and metaanalysis. integrative cancer therapies. 2012; 11(3):187–203.
22. Ardiansyah, Palembang MH. Perkembangan obat dan pengobatan tradisional dalam kesehatan masyarakat dan pemanfaatannya di rumah sakit. Kementerian Kesehatan Direktorat Jenderal Pelayanan Kesehatan. (2022, May 23) Retrieved from https://yankes.kemkes.go.id/view_artikel/13/perkembangan-obat-dan-pengobatan-tradisional-dalam-kesehatan-masyarakat-dan-pemanfaatannya-di-rumah-sakit
23. Hakim S, Ismail S.A. Thibbun Nabawi tinjauan syari’at dan medis. Depok: Gema Insani; 2020.
24. Denzin NK, Lincoln YS, editors. Handbook of qualitative research. Sage Publications, Inc; 1994.
25. Hennink M, Hutter I, Bailey A. Qualitative research methods. Sage Pub; 2020.
26. Sarmanu. Dasar metodologi penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan statistik. Airlangga University Press; 2017.
27. Marshall C, Rossman G. Designing qualitative research. Sage Pub; 1999.
28. Bourdieu P. Arena produksi kultural sebuah kajian sosiologi budaya. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana; 2010.
29. Bourdieu P. The rules of art: Genesis and structure of the literary field. Stanford: University Press; 1996.
30. Larasati TA, Wicaksono TW. Mekanisme bekam sebagai terapi alternatif dalam menurunkan hipertensi. Majority: Medical Journal of Lampung University 2016; 5, 2: 112–9.
31. Ihsan M. Pengobatan ala Rasulullah SAW sebagai pendekatan antropologis dalam dakwah Islamiah di desa Rensing Kecamatan Sakra Barat. Palapa: Jurnal Studi Keislaman dan Ilmu Pendidikan 2016;. 4(2): 152–210.
32. Friyadi A. Studi analisis hadis tib al-Nabawi dan signifikansinya dalam kesehatan tubuh. Jurnal Studi Hadis Nusantara 2021; 3(2): 163–73.
33. Priani SE. The immunostimulant activity of tibb an-Nabawi natural products: A literature review. Kajian beberapa bahan alam berbasis thibbun Nabawi yang memiliki aktivitas peningkat imunitas. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi (Scientific Journal of Pharmacy)2021; 17(1): 46–55.
34. Harahap J. Maternal Health Through the use of herbal medicines and traditional medicinal plants for public health and ancestral culture. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 2022; 10(E):1617–22.
35. Fatahilah M. Klinik pengobatan thibbun Nabawi di kota Pontianak. Jurnal online mahasiswa Arsitektur Universitas Tanjungpura 2016; 4(2): 108–18.
36. Derahman Z, Athirah, MBN, Yasinah AR. Determinant factors of consumers’ intention to eat at halal certified restaurant. International Journal Management Applied Science 2017; 3 (11): 20 87–94.
37. Balick MJ, Cox PA. Plants, people, and culture: The science of ethnobotany (2nd ed.). Garland Science; 2020.
38. Bourdieu P. Distinction, a social critique of the judgement of taste. Translated Richard Nice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 1984.
39. Al-Jauziyah IQ. Metode pengobatan Nabi SAW. Jakarta: Griya Ilmu; 2007.
40. Suarni. Sejarah hijrah dalam perspektif Al-Qur’an. Al-Mu‘ashirah 2016; 13(2):144–56.
41. Al-Jauziyah IQ. Pengobatan nabi cara nabi mengobati berbagai penyakit. Bandung: Jabal; 2018.
42. Muflih A. Pengobatan dalam Islam. Makassar: Tesis Magister dalam Bidang Tafsir Hadis pada Program Pascasarjana UIN Alauddin; 2013.
43. Kudriah K, Zaidi M, Nurrohmah N. Madu dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi penafsiran Qs. An-Nahl : 68-69). Al Muhafidz: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 2021; 1(2):121–35.
44. Syamsuriah, S. Peran media dalam berdakwah di era moderen. Jurnal Ilmiah Islamic Resources 2020; 17(1): 47–55.
45. Ikhwan S, Wafi MH. Internet and religious identity construction: Jurus sehat Rasulullah (JSR) da’i Zaidul Akbar. Jurnal Dakwah Risalah 2021; 32(2): 184–98.
46. Mustika D. Metode dakwah Rasulullah SAW dalam menyehatkan ummat. Ath Thariq Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 2018; 2(2): 423–51.
47. Rosmalina A, Khaerunnisa T. Sejarah perawatan rohani Islam pada masa Nabi Muhammad tahun 570-632 Masehi. Tamaddun: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan Islam 2021; 9 (2): 711–22.
48. Al-Rawi S, Fetters MD. Traditional Arabic & Islamic medicine: A conceptual model for clinicians and researchers. Glob J Health Sci 2021; 4(3): 164–9.
49. Harahap, J. Evolution of health care in Indonesia. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, Issue Atlantis Press 2016: 100–2.
Article Sidebar
Published
Dec 20, 2023
Article Details
How to Cite
1.
“Hijrah Medicine”: a study of the transition of medicine from general to Islamic-based medicine in Indonesia. Med Histor [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 20 [cited 2024 Jun. 30];7(3):e2023046. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/MedHistor/article/view/14941
Issue
Section
Original articles: History of Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transfer of Copyright and Permission to Reproduce Parts of Published Papers.
Authors retain the copyright for their published work. No formal permission will be required to reproduce parts (tables or illustrations) of published papers, provided the source is quoted appropriately and reproduction has no commercial intent. Reproductions with commercial intent will require written permission and payment of royalties.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
“Hijrah Medicine”: a study of the transition of medicine from general to Islamic-based medicine in Indonesia. Med Histor [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 20 [cited 2024 Jun. 30];7(3):e2023046. Available from: https://mattioli1885journals.com/index.php/MedHistor/article/view/14941