Prostate/Prostata (C61.9) - Carcinoma della prostata avanzato: terapia della malattia ormonorefrattaria / Advanced prostate cancer: hormone-refractory disease treatment
Keywords:
ormonoterapia, ormonorefrattarietà, chemioterapia, carcinoma prostatico, resistenza a Taxotere, hormone therapy, hormone-refractory, chemotherapy, prostate carcinoma, resistance to taxotereAbstract
Riassunto. L’ormonorefrattarietà del carcinoma prostatico è un evento multifattoriale ed i pazienti ormonorefrattari hanno una sopravvivenza mediana di 12 mesi. La progressione di malattia può essere determinata valutando l’aumento del PSA, il peggioramento dei sintomi o la progressione a livello d’organo, documentabile con indagini strumentali. Per molti anni il trattamento del carcinoma prostatico ormonorefrattario è stato di tipo palliativo con steroidi, ormonoterapia di seconda linea o chemioterapici tradizionali (adriamicina, alcaloidi della vinca, etoposide, cioclofosfamide). Dal 2004 al 2008 la seconda linea terapeutica è stata rappresentata dal Taxotere che in due diversi studi ha dimostrato la capacità di migliorare la sopravvivenza. In seguito numerose molecole sono state studiate ed altre sono ancora in fase di studio, per i pazienti con carcinoma prostatico ormonorefrattari, in particolare due, il Cabazitaxel e l’Abiraterone acetato, hanno dimostrato un buon profilo di tossicità ed una buona attività , con capacità di migliorare sia la qualità di vita che la sopravvivenza dei pazienti in progressione di malattia dopo chemio-terapia con Taxotere. Progressi sono stati fatti anche per il controllo della malattia ossea sia da un punto di vista sintomatologico che del controllo di malattia con acido Zoledronico e più recentemente con Denosumab.
Advanced prostate cancer: hormone-refractory disease treatment
Summary. Hormone-refractory prostate cancer is a multifactor event and patients suffering from hormonerefractory prostate cancer have a median survival rate of 12 months. Disease progression can be determined by evaluating PSA increase, symptoms decline or organ progression for which there is existing research evidence. For many years hormone-refractory prostate cancer has been treated with a palliative treatment of steroids, second-line hormone therapy or traditional chemotherapeutic cures (Adriamycin, vinca alkaloids, etoposide, cyclophosphamide). From 2004 to 2008 the second therapeutic approach was represented by Taxanes which demonstrated, in two different studies, the capability of improving survival. Subsequently, numerous molecules have been studied so far and other are being analysed, on patients with hormone-refractory cancer, in particular two, Cabazitaxel and Abiraterone acetate have demonstrated a good toxicity profile and activity, providing both an improvement in the quality of life and survival rate in patients who have showed disease progression after chemotherapeutic treatment with taxanes. Progress has been made also in monitoring bone disease both in the fields symptoms and in disease treatment with the Zoledronic acid drug and more recently with Denosumab.
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